P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Stanford University

Despite palliative chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and vincristine), the patient experienced rapid tumor recurrence and progressive clinical deterioration, culminating in death three weeks post-intervention. In resource-limited settings, where advanced molecular diagnostics are scarce, maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and ensuring multidisciplinary management are paramount. Early histopathological confirmation is critical to addressing the rapid progression and therapeutic resistance characteristic of this malignancy.

P1, N=20, Recruiting, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P3, N=379, Completed, Children's Oncology Group | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2028 --> Mar 2026

Non-response to the combination treatment is not characterized by immune inactivity but rather associated with sustained and coordinated increases in both activation and regulatory immune features, suggesting a shift toward systemic immune imbalance following treatment. These findings support the need for longitudinal, integrative immune monitoring strategies in future clinical trials.

The wider application of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based protocols has revolutionized haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) by decreasing graft-versus-host disease and facilitating engraftment...These findings demonstrate that conditioning regimens profoundly impact immune reconstitution, which may contribute to differences in survival prognosis. Moreover, increasing the probability of CD8+ T-cell reconstitution after HSCT may become an important strategy for improving outcomes.

The boy had surgery to remove the affected tonsil and lymph nodes, followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Given the tumor's high growth rate and risk of spreading early, treatment needed a team approach that involved complete local removal and immediate systemic therapy. Long-term follow-up is important, and more case reports and studies are necessary to determine the best treatment options and improve results in pediatric histiocytic sarcoma.

This study comprehensively identifies the vessel-threatening effects of cisplatin (CDDP), carboplatin (CBP), and oxaliplatin (OXA) and aims to compile an analytical model. The results suggest activation of the oxidative stress pathway through Nrf2 inhibition and increased ICAM1 levels, alongside pathway‑specific alterations such as reduced HIF1A and NOS3 expression and decreased VCAM1 levels. Early cardiovascular monitoring and Nrf2‑targeted therapy warrant further investigation.

PTPA promotes oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in MPM. By preventing OIS, heterozygous PTPA loss may contribute to mesothelial transformation and carboplatin resistance.

Using a Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-driven mouse model, two patient-derived xenografts (SHH and group 3), and drug-resistant TP53-mutant MB cells, we found that T3 and cytotoxic chemotherapy suppress tumor growth through complementary biological mechanisms: T3 promotes terminal differentiation of tumor cells, whereas cyclophosphamide (CTX) and irinotecan (CPT-11) induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. T3-induced transient tachycardia was effectively controlled with propranolol without compromising antitumor activity. Together, these findings support the potential of T3 as a clinically accessible differentiation-based therapy that enhances chemotherapy responses and suppresses post-treatment tumor regrowth in medulloblastoma.

P2, N=60, Recruiting, Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)

A regimen consisting of high-dose CTX combined with low-dose CIS demonstrated robust anti-tumor activity while limiting leukopenia and systemic toxicity. This protocol may represent an optimal therapeutic strategy, balancing efficacy with safety.