We propose personalized risk stratification integrating demographics, microbial signatures, and metabolic biomarkers. Interventions include gut-restricted FXR agonists, probiotics, and Mediterranean diet. Future directions include prospective validation and dynamic network modeling.

Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS), selenium-enriched yeast (SY), selenomethionine (SM), and nano-selenium (NS) on gut microbiota and their metabolites, intestinal antioxidant capacity, immune response, and gut morphology in broilers, and investigated the potential molecular mechanisms by which Se influences intestinal function in broilers...Supplementation with SY increased ileal concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A by 74.87% and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by 54.90%, enhanced ileal activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) by 123.55% and catalase by 197.20%, and elevated cecal acetate by 35.67% and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by 28.78%, as well as ileal ursodeoxycholic acid concentration by 154.05% (P < 0.05)...In summary, SS and SY improved intestinal antioxidant and immune functions in broilers, whereas SY and NS enhanced cecal SCFAs production. Moreover, Se supplementation modulated the cecal microbial community in broilers.

In vivo, UDCA significantly attenuated the PM-exacerbated SCORAD index, scratching behavior, transepidermal water loss, and serum immunoglobulin E. Furthermore, UDCA reduced epidermal thickness, suppressed eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, and inhibited ERK phosphorylation in skin tissues. These findings indicate that UDCA ameliorates PM-induced skin immune dysregulation by modulating the AhR and ERK signaling pathways.

P=N/A, N=356, Recruiting, Children's Hospital of Fudan University | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 --> Dec 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

Nontargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses were used to explore dysregulated metabolites, and many bile acids (such as DCA, GUDCA, GCDCA, GCA, TCDCA, TDCA, TCA, LCA, and TUDCA) and steroid hormones (such as DHEAS, DHEA, Aldo, Cortisone, and 18-OHF) were found to be dysregulated in HCC...It exhibited good diagnostic performance in the detection of early-stage and small-size HCC (AUC = 0.896 and AUC = 0.830) and performed better than the classical biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In conclusion, our study established a novel XGBoost model based on bile acids and steroid hormones and might be helpful for the early diagnosis of HCC.

P3, N=39, Not yet recruiting, Polaryx Therapeutics, Inc. | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Dec 2026

P2/3, N=139, Completed, Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Nov 2029 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Sep 2025

P=N/A, N=60, The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university; The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university

P1, N=60, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

Insulin-mediated relaxation was impaired in diabetic rats (-56.7%) compared to controls (0%), accompanied by elevated ER stress markers and reduced eNOS, Akt, and IRS-1 expression. TUDCA treatment improved relaxation responses (-6.2%) significantly reduced ER stress markers and restored the expression of endothelial markers.

P=N/A, N=36, Active, not recruiting, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jul 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 --> Apr 2027

P2, N=12, Active, not recruiting, Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> May 2028