BAX expression

This review is an attempt to elaborate molecular targets of luteolin and its role in modulating irregularities in cellular pathways to overcome severe outcomes during diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, hepatic disorders, renal disorders, brain injury, and asthma. As luteolin has enormous therapeutic benefits, it could be a potential candidate in future drug development strategies.

Bax and P21 protein levels were significantly upregulated following DNC treatment, whereas Bcl-2 and P53 protein levels were downregulated in DNC-treated breast cancer cells. In summary, dendrosomal nanocurcumin demonstrated potent anti-tumor effects against breast cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.

The results indicate that GP might increase dopamine and serotonin levels in midbrain and promoted the survival of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata by regulating the expression of phosphorylation of MAPK family proteins and the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins, and then ameliorate motor deficits in PD mice.

The co-delivery of CYC and SO via niosomes effectively targets apoptotic pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The enhanced cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis suggest that this drug delivery system may serve as an effective strategy for managing breast cancer.

It also restored the cardiac Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, TAX showed significant cardioprotective effects on 5-FU-induced cardiac injury and might represent a promising adjuvant in preventing cardiac injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.

P4, N=90, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children; Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children

Additionally, GADD45a and p21, involved in growth arrest and DNA damage, were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, citalopram's ability to induce apoptosis and alter cell cycle suggests its potential in breast cancer treatment.

MiR-490-3p upregulation inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis but promoted the cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in osteosarcoma via the regulation of CDCA8/ATF3 by targeting NUSAP1. Thus, miR-490-3p might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

As a results showed that NP and DX suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and could do this through apoptotic pathways. NP can be used to suppress metastasis of SHSY-5Y cells as an inhibitor of the apoptosis pathway Bcl-2. It is thought that NP, which provides tumor suppression through an apoptotic mechanism, may be an alternative treatment agent in neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma.

Overall results revealed that HPME demonstrates a notable antioxidant capacity in human thyroid cancer. It exerts an influence on crucial biological processes associated with cancer, indicating its potential to hinder the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis through the upregulation of gene and protein expression, particularly involving caspases.

IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells. Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo.

Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FAELNs in UC management, highlighting their scalability for mass production and encouraging prospects for clinical transformation.