This report, representing the first documented case of LLMS from Central Asia, contributes to the limited global experience with this rare tumor. Our review identified four additional LLMS cases published between 2021 and 2024, totaling five recent reports including the present case. Collectively, these demonstrate persistent male predominance, glottic and supraglottic predilection, and survival outcomes consistent with previous observations. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of therapy, while multidisciplinary-guided adjuvant treatment may benefit selected high-grade or high-risk patients. Continued accumulation and molecular characterization of cases are needed to refine prognostic assessment and optimize management strategies.

Postoperatively, the patient received chemotherapy with epirubicin combined with ifosfamide. Follow-up showed no significant evidence of metastasis or recurrence. This report aims to provide clinical reference regarding the imaging findings and diagnosis of this rare disease, primary renal synovial sarcoma.

This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of PSA in young adults presenting with unexplained anemia and splenic lesions. Bone marrow findings may be misleadingly reactive, underscoring the importance of histopathological confirmation of splenic tissue. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention remain critical given the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of this malignancy.

Case 1 was a 15-year-old female with 2 months history of a left breast mass that was painful, rapidly growing, and associated with ulceration; it was confirmed histologically to be MPT and was treated successfully with ifosfamide 390 mg, doxorubicin 48 mg, and dexamethasone 8 mg. MPTs are rare and are more likely to recur, and they tend to have rapid growth and metastasis. Timely and proper management of patients with MPT helps to prevent possibilities of metastasis and improve the prognosis of the patients.

This review summarizes the classification, subtype-specific characteristics, molecular mechanisms, treatment strategies, and prognosis of LPS, and further discusses how proteasome-associated mechanisms may create therapeutic vulnerabilities in selected subtypes. A better understanding of the molecular basis underlying tumor initiation, progression, and subtype transition may support the development of more precise and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for LPS.

The patient was started on doxorubicin and ifosfamide chemotherapy. This case emphasizes that systematic cutaneous assessment in children with deep, rapidly growing soft tissue masses can be pivotal for identifying NF1, refining the differential diagnosis toward MPNST, and accelerating appropriate staging and multidisciplinary management.

All patients underwent surgical intervention (tumor excision) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. This case series highlights the clinicopathologic and molecular features of PCSS. Overall, SS18 (SYT) gene rearrangement and TLE1 expression are crucial diagnostic markers for differentiating PCSS from other neoplasms.

The patient remained in complete remission 40 months after the completion of chemoradiotherapy and 51 months after the initial surgery. This case demonstrates that stereotactic radiotherapy combined with doxorubicin-ifosfamide chemotherapy can achieve durable tumor control in PIS-DICER1, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for this highly aggressive tumor.

She received one cycle of anthracycline-ifosfamide chemotherapy but developed airway compromise and died on hospital day 34. This case illustrates the rapid progression and poor prognosis of primary pericardial synovial sarcoma, emphasizing that early recognition with multimodality imaging and timely surgical evaluation are crucial, as unresectable disease carries poor outcomes with current systemic therapies.

Surgical resection and cervicothoracic fixation were performed, followed by radiotherapy (30 Gy/10 fractions) and Ewing-based chemotherapy (doxorubicin/ifosfamide). Local recurrence occurred despite multimodal therapy. This case highlights the clinical and diagnostic challenges associated with EWSR1-rearranged non-ETS sarcomas, which exhibit distinct molecular behaviors, morphology, and treatment responses compared to classical Ewing sarcoma.

IIE is a rare but severe side effect of ifosfamide infusion, and clinical manifestations in children may be misunderstood. We speculate that pharmacogenetic testing may be warranted in very young children to prevent severe IIE.

RA co-treatment (50 mg/kg) significantly reversed all functional, biochemical, and histological damage by strategically breaking this crosstalk, restoring redox homeostasis, and simultaneously restraining both cell death programs. In conclusion, RA protects against IFA nephrotoxicity by targeting the critical inflammation-ferroptosis coupling, positioning it as a highly promising adjuvant candidate for clinical use to mitigate IFA-induced renal injury.