BRAF mutation

BRAF mutation is presumed to be associated with tumor progression and may predict growth of PTMC. Genetic testing including BRAF testing may help distinguishing rapid-growing thyroid cancer.

PD-L1 is a robust biomarker of aggressiveness in PTC. Integrating PD-L1 testing with molecular profiling can enhance postoperative risk stratification and guide personalized management.

Overall survival analysis showed no consistent prognostic disadvantage for CO, except in EGFR-KRAS co-mutant NSCLC. These findings further refine the ME landscape of BRAF, KRAS, and EGFR variants, offering a variant-level reference to support mutation-informed precision oncology.

Epinephrine or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor also stimulated migration specifically in BRAF-mutated cells. These results emphasize the importance of targeting specific neural signaling pathways and highlight that patient stratification is essential for cancer neuroscience studies.

P2, N=26, Active, not recruiting, University Health Network, Toronto | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P2, N=10, Not yet recruiting, Haihua Yuan

It can be easily misdiagnosed as early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis requires a comprehensive judgment based on clinical data, imaging findings, histopathology, and TSC1/TSC2 gene mutation results.

Neoadjuvant treatment response in rectal cancer is dependent on genomic alterations, immune activation and stromal interactions. AI-driven biomarkers hold promise for personalized treatment and organ-preservation. Prospective, multicenter validation is essential to enable further clinical implementation.

NF1 mutation is the strongest gene-level correlate of lung-selective metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. The NF1-mutant subtype may represent a dual-biomarker population and could warrant both pulmonary surveillance and prospective evaluation for immunotherapy.

Triptolide and Minnelide significantly enhance the oncolytic efficacy of measles virus in colorectal cancer, particularly in BRAF-mutant tumors in vivo, through reprogramming of virus-tumor-stromal interactions. This reprogramming arises from coordinated modulation of survival, metabolic, and stromal signaling pathways and is accompanied by improved intratumoral viral distribution. These findings position virus-tumor-stromal crosstalk as a central mechanistic axis of virotherapy response and provide a strong rationale for the translational and clinical development of rational virus-drug combination strategies in colorectal cancer and other malignancies.

P1, N=124, Recruiting, Pfizer | Trial completion date: Feb 2029 --> Jun 2029

Despite 4 cycles of ipilimumab/nivolumab immunotherapy, the disease progressed, and the patient died 4 months after diagnosis. BNM is a rare melanoma variant, often arising from a pre-existing blue nevus, with aggressive potential and frequent lymph node metastasis. The molecular heterogeneity of BNM and the limited therapeutic options underscore the need for further research into targeted therapies and prognostic biomarkers for this rare melanoma subtype.