BRAF V600E

P2, N=56, Not yet recruiting, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

In conclusion, this multicenter study suggests that most MS are of myelomonocytic/monoblastic origin, a high proportion of them are NPM1 mutated, and may lack expression of MPO and CD34. NPM1 mutation-specific antibodies should be integrated into the diagnostic panels for MS or LC, while IRF8 and PU.1 are not recommended as they cannot distinguish MS from histiocytic neoplasms.

The majority of cutaneous epithelioid/pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma show clinical, genetic, and epigenetic profiles similar to melanoma, suggesting that a major subset represents transdifferentiated melanoma.

The patient was later hospitalized for "recurrent hemoptysis" and received pemetrexed adjuvant chemotherapy combined with cisplatin...Consequently, a targeted therapy regimen combining low to moderate doses of dabrafenib and trametinib was initiated...Moreover, only one low-grade immune-related adverse event was observed during the course of immunotherapy. Patients with advanced NSCLC and BRAF mutations who cannot tolerate targeted therapy are expected to benefit from immunotherapy.

The vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic. Optimization of vaccines that include agonistic CD40 antibody is needed to enhance immunogenicity. Induction of a multifunctional CD4+ T cell response to mBRAF supports targeting shared mutated neoantigens with melanoma vaccines.

Parallel translational work using cfDNA-based liquid biopsy has mapped a spectrum of secondary kinase-domain mutations that underlie acquired resistance, informing the development of next-generation FGFR2-selective inhibitors (eg, lirafugratinib) and combination strategies with EGFR/ERBB blockade. Collectively, these data underscore the need for comprehensive molecular profiling and innovative umbrella trial designs to optimise targeted therapy in this rare, biologically heterogeneous malignancy.

P3, N=257, Active, not recruiting, Pfizer | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Aug 2026

Success in this arena will hinge on utilitarian biomarker-based cohort selection, the discovery of fresh immunogenic epitopes, and the meticulous design of synergistic treatment combinations. The synergistic leverage of genomic, transcriptomic, and immune landscape dissection, coupled with cutting-edge engineered lymphocyte platforms and engineered oncolytic vectors, may finally position immunotherapy as an unassailable pillar of bespoke medicine for advanced thyroid carcinomas.

Gastric LCH patients have a good prognosis and long overall survival when the cancer is a localized lesion. However, systemic involvement may necessitate chemotherapy, and regular follow-up is recommended.

Finally, we discuss the spatial pathobiology opportunities afforded by cell block preparations and outline future directions for integrating AI-enabled analysis into cytology workflows. Together, these advances position cytology cell blocks as an important platform for computational biomarker interpretation and morphology-driven precision oncology.

P2, N=25, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jul 2026

We report a rare case of cholangiocarcinoma with suspected EBV-associated HLH that developed after sequential therapy with an ICI and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Clinicians should consider HLH as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of ICI therapy who present with severe unexplained inflammation or shock. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial to prevent death.