BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)

High infiltration of TILs correlated with improved OS and DFS, whereas BRAF and KRAS mutations were associated with worse OS in patients with localized dMMR/MSI-H CRC. These findings highlight the potential utility of biomarkers for improving prognostic assessment and personalizing management in dMMR CRC.

This review dissects the "yin-yang" of BRAF as a therapeutic vulnerability in these two malignancies, we underscore the critical importance of tumor-specific context in precision oncology. Understanding the divergent responses to BRAF inhibition across cancer types is essential to refine current approaches and guide the development of more effective, personalized treatment strategies.

This case expands the known clinical and radiological spectrum of PXA, highlighting that it can occur in older patients, in uncommon locations, and with atypical imaging features. It underscores the importance of histopathological and molecular analysis for definitive diagnosis and supports gross total resection as the mainstay of treatment.

These findings establish MCLRP as a dual-purpose predictive-analytical tool that not only enhances drug response forecasting but also uncovers mutation-specific pharmacological vulnerabilities through systems-level pattern recognition.

P1, N=56, Recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

In combination with external datasets or pretrained models, the resource can help advance data-driven detection and characterisation work. The diverse range of polyps assigned to cancer stages from 201 patients makes this tool valuable for researchers and clinicians in furthering diagnosis and treatment.

Its presence in a substantial portion of AFO/AFD/DO, together with their larger size compared to OD, could support a neoplastic nature in at least a subset of these lesions, though a hamartomatous DO may exist. Further investigation and clinical correlation remain essential to distinguish these entities.

P=N/A, N=5500, Recruiting, University Health Network, Toronto | N=1000 --> 5500 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2029

The patient received combined dabrafenib, trametinib, and pembrolizumab with close safety monitoring, achieving rapid tumor control and complete remission by six months with manageable toxicity. This case suggests that early integration of PD-1 blockade with BRAF/MEK inhibition treatment may benefit selected patients and underscores the value of comprehensive molecular and immunohistochemical assessment to guide individualized therapy.

Importantly, this resistance mechanism is conserved in human melanoma: combined MEK and Gαq-PLCβ-PKC inhibition markedly enhances trametinib efficacy in BRAF V600E melanoma cells and xenografts, and reverses acquired resistance in trametinib-resistant melanoma sublines. Together, our results identify a conserved Gαq-PLCβ-PKC pathway as a driver of trametinib resistance and provide preclinical evidence for its co-targeting with MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in BRAF V600E melanoma.

P2, N=70, Recruiting, Zhejiang University

The ferroptosis inducer erastin also inhibits melanoma growth. Combining the ATAD2 inhibitor BAY-850 with the MEK inhibitor trametinib potently suppresses melanoma growth. Our study identifies ATAD2 as a key driver of melanoma and provides a rationale for targeting ATAD2 in conjunction with the MAPK pathway to treat melanoma.