BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)

Moreover, they demonstrated high accuracy in identifying cases lacking alterations. Our results highlight the potential of deep-learning tools for the detection of NSCLC biomarkers and specifically the identification of tumors without EGFR or ALK driver alterations, supporting more informed clinical decision-making.

We highlight current challenges in the clinical management of BRAF-mutant NSCLC, emerging inhibitors, and combinatorial therapeutic strategies developed to treat non-V600E BRAF-driven cancers. Finally, we briefly discuss BRAF alterations in the context of resistance to targeted therapies in other oncogene-driven NSCLC.

This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions in patients with a history of melanoma when MRI is contraindicated. It highlights the aggressive behaviour of melanoma metastases, the limitations in imaging and treatment options in frail patients with implants, and the importance of involving palliative care early to optimise symptom management and family support.

Multisystem disease remains more challenging, but favourable outcomes can still be achieved with protocol-based treatment. Early recognition, multidisciplinary evaluation, and long-term follow-up are essential due to the risk of relapse and potential late sequelae.

Preoperative BRAF V600E testing provides excellent detection for classical PTC (sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 100%) but exhibits limited sensitivity for FVPTC (40%). Based on the 3rd edition TBSRTC and 5th edition WHO classification, our risk-stratified algorithm could reduce unnecessary surgeries by 25-30% in indeterminate nodules while maintaining perfect specificity for classical PTC, achieving optimal clinical decision-making.

P2, N=27, Recruiting, National Cancer Center, Japan

The frequencies of dMMR and Lynch syndrome in patients under 50 years old was comparable to our previous report in which testing was conducted as part of research. Our results suggest that in patients under 50 years old(, 1)the utility of BRAF testing as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for Lynch syndrome is limited, and (2)BRAFV600E or KRASG12C was not detected;however, a larger accumulation of cases is necessary.

P2, N=48, Not yet recruiting, Fudan University

P=N/A, N=105, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | N=384 --> 105

P1/2, N=50, Recruiting, St. Justine's Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=1376, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> Jan 2027

BRAF-mut PTC is associated with a pro-inflammatory TME milieu compared to BRAF-wt PTC. However, in this limited data set, treatment choice was not associated with differences in OS in BRAF-mut PTC.