P4, N=48, Recruiting, University of Alabama at Birmingham | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

It also identified immune aggregation areas in intestinal tissues and implicated the cyclosporin A signaling pathway in the FDCSP+ S4 stromal cell microenvironment. Additionally, STELLA detected that PERIOSTIN and MHC-II form a central-peripheral bidirectional regulatory network with complementary directionality in the mouse striatum. Finally, it analyzed the transition from WSN-mediated early stress response to reaEGC-mediated tissue reconstruction during axolotl brain regeneration.

The reduction in cell viability induced by ionomycin combined with radiotherapy was significantly reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (a reactive oxygen species scavenger) and cyclosporine A (mitochondrial permeability transition pore channel inhibitor)...This research indicates that ionomycin may function as an effective radiosensitizer, therefore enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. JOURNAL/mgres/04.03/01612956-990000000-00102/inline-graphic1/v/2026-06-06T092751Z/r/image-tiff.

The patient responded to ciclosporin therapy with gradual haematological improvement and became transfusion-independent within 6 months. This case highlights the importance of molecular profiling in T-LGLL presentations and expands the known mutational spectrum of STAT3 It also raises the possibility that non-SH2 (Src homology 2) domain STAT3 mutations may contribute to disease pathogenesis and influence treatment response in T-LGLL.

P4, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Baylor College of Medicine | Initiation date: Apr 2026 --> Sep 2026

The combination of CyA-mediated immunosuppression and mucin-mediated mucosal repair achieved superior efficacy, with excellent biosafety. This colon-targeted co-delivery strategy offers a promising approach for more effective and safer UC therapy.

P3, N=300, Not yet recruiting, VIVUS LLC

Cyclosporine A (CsA) functions as a calcineurin inhibitor that perturbs T cell activation via calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (CaN-NFAT) signaling inhibitors, establishing its central role in hematological therapeutics. The manuscript further elaborates on pharmacological synergies between CsA and novel targeted agents including eltrombopag, ruxolitinib, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, while evaluating its capacity to surmount chemotherapeutic resistance and function as a bridging modality to CAR-T cell infusion. Lastly, we propose tiered management protocols for dose-limiting toxicities (nephrotoxicity and hypertension) and highlight emerging research frontiers in nanoformulation and artificial intelligence-guided therapeutic drug monitoring.

P4, N=150, Recruiting, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Additional controls included mice receiving keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as an immunostimulatory reference (a single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg·kg-1 on day 14) and cyclosporine A as an immunosuppressive control (oral administration of 100 mg·kg-1 on days 1, 7, and 14)...GOX-loaded EV treatment induced a chemokine-biased transcriptional response, characterized by upregulation of Cxcl9 and modest increases in Cxcl3, Cxcl16, Ccl5, Ccl12, and Ccl17, while canonical pro-inflammatory cytokines showed minimal changes. GOX-loaded EVs demonstrate a favorable short-term in vivo safety profile and a constrained immunological signature, engaging immune pathways in a context-dependent manner rather than acting as classical immune adjuvants, thereby supporting their potential as controllable immunomodulatory therapeutic platforms.

P=N/A, N=200, Terminated, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota | Trial completion date: Feb 2028 --> May 2026 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2027 --> May 2026; No longer a research question to answer.

These findings indicated that 0.1 THz radiation effectively induced apoptosis in SCC-7 cells by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation, which led to the release of AIF. Furthermore, the dysregulation of AIF in CSCC tissues suggested its potential as a promising biomarker. These results provided important molecular insights into the therapeutic potential of THz radiation, particularly for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.