Finally, we characterize NINT associated CD4 + CAR T cell populations which are potential therapeutic targets for future exploration. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel associated non-ICANS neurotoxicities are driven by high CD4 + CAR T cell expansion exhibiting memory marker expression and upregulated inflammatory gene signaling pathways.
Locally produced BCMA CAR-T is safe and effective in heavily pretreated R/R MM, inducing deep responses. scRNA-seq/TCR-seq findings highlight interplay of CAR-T heterogeneity, clonal adaptability, and immune regulation. CD8⁺ subset specialization and clonal persistence matter for durable responses; exhaustion and immunosuppression may cause relapse.
High-dose dexamethasone plus intravenous immunoglobulin failed to improve neurologic symptoms and prompted T-cell-depleting cyclophosphamide, which lowered CAR- and non-CAR-T cells. These observations indicate that CIDP is a severe complication of cilta-cel therapy and may arise from bystander expansion of autoreactive CD8⁺ T-cells rather than direct CAR-T cell activity. Timely escalation to T-cell-depleting therapy may improve outcomes.