P3, N=558, Not yet recruiting, Chipscreen Biosciences, Ltd.

P2, N=96, Not yet recruiting, Dragonboat Biopharmaceutical Company Limited

CSF-1R blockade depleted these immunosuppressive macrophages, which correlated with decreased expression of inhibitory receptors and enhanced expression of activation markers in Tphex. Given the FDA approval of axatilimab for chronic GVHD, combining CSF-1R blockade with lenalidomide maintenance represents a readily testable strategy to improve progression-free survival after ASCT.

P3, N=106, Not yet recruiting, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

P1/2, N=120, Active, not recruiting, Qurient Co., Ltd. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> Dec 2027

P1/2, N=42, Not yet recruiting, Incyte Corp.

P1, N=16, Recruiting, Qurient Co. Ltd.

Despite profound genomic instability, targeting DNA repair or replication stress pathways was ineffective, whereas sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy was retained across clades. Collectively, these findings indicate that recurrent senescence escape drives osimertinib resistance through widespread genomic instability and is most effectively treated by cytotoxic strategies rather than pathway-targeted approaches.

Here, we found that exosomes secreted by lung cancer cells that had acquired epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (osimertinib- and WZ4002-resistant H1975) exhibited enhanced brain-specific distribution and a concomitant increase in BrM compared with exosomes from parental H1975 cells. Clinically, exosomal L1CAM demonstrated diagnostic potential for BrM (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80), and a combined exosomal L1CAM/ITGB3 panel significantly improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.98). Collectively, these findings identify exosomal L1CAM as a key regulator of brain-specific metastasis and support the clinical utility of the L1CAM/ITGB3 panel as a noninvasive biomarker for BrM in lung cancer.

P1, N=22, Completed, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jan 2026

With a primary EGFR p.L858R-mutant NSCLC, osimertinib was administered, resulting in a partial response within 10 months. In addition, given the synchronous primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, germline testing was performed, revealing a CDKN2A p.I49T variant consistent with melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome, prompting comprehensive cancer surveillance and familial testing. This case illustrates how ctDNA testing enabled a comprehensive evaluation by clarifying the diagnosis, identifying actionable biomarkers, and facilitating genetic risk assessment, ultimately having a significant impact on the patient's clinical management.

P2, N=29, Active, not recruiting, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting