Cutaneous Melanoma

Single-cell RNA sequencing illustrated the cellular distribution of model genes, and functional experiments demonstrated that XCL2 suppresses melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study develops and validates a cuproptosis-immune integrated prognostic signature for SKCM, providing a framework to link cuproptosis-associated biology with immune microenvironmental features, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic decision-making.

This function may be further enhanced in combination with activation of the IL-6/JAK pathway, suggesting an important interaction of signaling processes with immunological selection pressures. Together, YIF1B expression and IL-6/JAK pathway activation status are potential markers for SKCM prognostication and treatment guidance.

In A375 cells, COL1A2 overexpression attenuated TEAD4 knockdown-induced changes in AKT/mTOR signalling, necroptosis-related markers and malignant phenotypes. These findings support a TEAD4 and COL1A2 regulatory model associated with SKCM progression, AKT/mTOR pathway activity and necroptosis-related phenotypes, and suggest TEAD4 as a prognostic factor and potential biomarker associated with immunotherapy outcome that requires further validation.

NF1 mutation is the strongest gene-level correlate of lung-selective metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. The NF1-mutant subtype may represent a dual-biomarker population and could warrant both pulmonary surveillance and prospective evaluation for immunotherapy.

P2, N=10, Active, not recruiting, UNICANCER | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027

P1, N=8, Not yet recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center

These findings suggest that tryptophan metabolism is closely linked to immune heterogeneity and clinical outcomes in patients with SKCM. Moreover, the TMRG-based risk model developed in this study provides complementary prognostic information and a basis for further investigation of metabolism-associated immune regulation in melanoma.

LILRB4 correlates strongly with macrophage infiltration, and co-expression and interaction analyses converge on antigen processing and presentation pathways, with HLA-DRA emerging as a shared node. Collectively, these findings support LILRB4 as a context-dependent marker of the myeloid and antigen-presentation axis in the tumor microenvironment and provide an integrated reference framework that warrants further functional validation.

P1/2, N=36, Recruiting, Beijing Biotech

By integrating insights from recent clinical and translational research, the review highlights promising therapeutic avenues and with treatment sequencing and biomarker research, it outlines key challenges for future melanoma management. This review aims to summarize selected ongoing clinical studies and outline prospective directions in systemic melanoma therapy.

P=N/A, N=51, Not yet recruiting, Children's Oncology Group

These findings suggest that ITGA6 may serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in selected cancers and support a tumor-promoting role for ITGA6 in UVM.