P3, N=664, Not yet recruiting, University of Minnesota

P4, N=60, Active, not recruiting, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Sep 2025

P=N/A, N=15, Completed, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia

MDR1 inhibitor verapamil and MDR1-targeted siRNA were used to evaluate the functional impact of LSR-induced MDR1. In contrast, knockout of LSR expression in MDA-MB-468 cells, which express higher levels of LSR, significantly sensitized the cells to doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Our data demonstrated that LSR overexpression promotes TNBC cell proliferation and invasion, and upregulation of MDR1 in these cells renders them resistant to doxorubicin, suggesting that targeting LSR could be a useful strategy to overcome chemoresistance in TNBC.

Although co-administration of posaconazole with ruxolitinib resulted in a statistically significant increase in ruxolitinib systemic exposure, the magnitude of this interaction was clinically moderate. Although ruxolitinib dose adjustment may not be routinely required when used concomitantly with posaconazole, close monitoring for ruxolitinib-related adverse effects is recommended under this combination therapy setting.

Verapamil assays confirmed reduced efflux liability for compounds 8 and 13. Compound 8 also showed a positive therapeutic index. These findings support rational design to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.

Treatment with verapamil, an L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, significantly reduced Cd uptake in UMR-106 cells...However, the degree of reduction ranged from 15 to 35%, indicating that no single pathway makes a predominant contribution. These findings suggest that diverse pathways, encompassing metal transporters and Ca2+ channels, contribute to Cd uptake in UMR-106 cells, although no single pathway predominates.

P=N/A, N=60, Recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China

P2, N=40, Recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P=N/A, N=36, Recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China

P=N/A, N=180, Not yet recruiting, Shang Jin Hospital of West China Hospital,Sichuan University/Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital; Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital/West China Hospital,

P4, N=100, Recruiting, Weill Medical College of Cornell University | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Dec 2025