Pharmacological inhibitors of specific USPs, such as pimozide, trifluoperazine, rottlerin, 6-thioguanine, and costunolide, are highlighted for their potential to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, induce apoptosis, and circumvent therapy resistance across breast cancer subtypes (triple-negative and HER-2 positive). The review highlights the complex and often contradictory roles of USPs in breast cancer and points to the immense promise of targeting these enzymes to develop new and efficacious anticancer therapies.

P3, N=222, Recruiting, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University | Initiation date: Sep 2025 --> Feb 2026

P=N/A, N=125, Recruiting, University of Liverpool | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2026

In summary, our study demonstrated that long-term exposure to olanzapine increases circulating plasma levels of TNF-α, thus leading to increased expression of FABP4 protein in white adipose tissue and subsequently inhibiting Dhhc7expression, which correspondingly leads to reduced membrane translocation of GLUT4 and consequent insulin resistance. In conclusion, this study elucidated the signalling pathway through which olanzapine inhibits GLUT4 membrane transport via the TNF-α/FABP4/Dhhc7 axis, thus ultimately leading to insulin resistance.

P=N/A, N=2000, Recruiting, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute

P3, N=360, Recruiting, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Apr 2027

P2, N=66, Recruiting, Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=180, Active, not recruiting, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Dec 2027

P=N/A, N=60, Completed, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University

P2, N=66, Recruiting, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026

OLN significantly improves memory and antioxidant levels while reducing cytokine levels, although its effects on kidney function are limited. These results underscore the intricate relationship between OLN, cognitive function, and renal health.

Post-treatment, the treatment group's SDS scores decreased from 42.64 ± 6.32 to 37.06 ± 8.34 (P<0.001), and SAS scores dropped from 50.48 ± 12.94 to 43.61 ± 13.47 (P<0.001). Anxiety and depression impair immune function in lung cancer patients, while olanzapine enhances CD3, CD4, and NK cell activity and reduces psychological distress, suggesting its potential as an adjunct in cancer immunotherapy.