ER (Estrogen receptor)

P2, N=40, Completed, Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd | Phase classification: P1 --> P2

P=N/A, N=68, Active, not recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2028

We consider ET suitability to be the clinical assessment of whether a patient could benefit from ET, where benefit is defined not solely by tumor response but by a clinically relevant constellation of characteristics and markers possibly predicting the durability of disease response and symptom control. Several unresolved questions remain regarding issues such as disease heterogeneity, optimal treatment sequencing, and biomarker precision, but further work and ongoing studies will help to support the evolution of guidelines and provide clarity around the effective application of this quickly developing field to daily clinical practice.

CGGD primarily intervenes in STC combined with depression through pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the apoptosis pathway. Through an integrated network pharmacology approach, this study describes the synergistic effects of multiple ingredients, targets, and pathways of CGGD in the treatment of STC combined with depression.

LIEE exhibits significant anti-osteoporotic effects through a multi-targeted mechanism involving modulation of ER/OPG/RANKL signalling, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulation of key molecular targets. These outcomes propose that LIEE could help as a capable phytotherapeutic candidate for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis and warrant more clinical exploration.

P2, N=50, Not yet recruiting, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

Collectively, this study systematically elucidates the toxicological mechanism by which DEHP promotes skin cancer development through subtype-specific pathways regulated by 11 key targets, clarifying its direct binding patterns with core targets and downstream pathway disruption characteristics. This not only fills a research gap in the molecular mechanisms of DEHP-induced skin carcinogenesis but also provides novel biomarkers for environmental exposure prevention and targeted interventions against skin cancer.

This study revealed the expression interplay and clinical significance of KIF2A and p53 in breast cancer. The identified association between KIF2A and p53 may provide insights for future research on their roles in breast cancer.

Routine assessment of ESR1 mutations using liquid biopsy should be integrated into clinical practice to enable dynamic, molecularly guided treatment optimization. The expanding arsenal of ER-targeted therapies supports personalized sequencing strategies that move beyond rigid temporal cutoffs and improve outcomes in ET resistant disease.

We investigated whether DHED could prevent side effects associated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole in a primate model of aging...Here, we show that a brain-selective estrogen therapy administered orally via the prodrug DHED substantially increases estrogen levels in the marmoset brain without affecting the periphery and normalizes impairments in working memory, hippocampal neuronal excitability and sleep induced by aromatase inhibition. These findings in a translational primate model represent a significant advance for women's health by positioning DHED as a non-invasive, safe and efficient novel hormone therapy to improve quality of life of women with ER+ breast cancers.

Functional perturbation experiments in ER+ breast cancer cells showed that TGF-β stimulation enhanced invasive behavior, whereas knockdown of MMP1 or COL7A1 attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression and invasion. Together, our study delineates RBP-associated regulatory programs linking cellular state transitions to invasive signaling in ER+ breast cancer.

These results suggest that EE2 exposure during pregnancy and lactation disrupts some of the typical changes of parity seen in the mammary gland. This pharmaceutical may provide insights into effects of other estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the maternal mammary gland.