Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Liver Transplantation and the Role of Immunosuppression: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus)
Long-term exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORis) is thought to support expansion of Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson 1 (BCR::ABL1)-positive hematopoietic clones, but the clinical evidence base is still limited...In view of tacrolimus-related neurotoxicity six months post-transplant, dose reduction was undertaken, and everolimus was introduced...After clinical stabilization, Imatinib 400 mg daily was initiated, alongside pre-emptive reduction of tacrolimus, guided by weekly trough monitoring...Although rare, post-transplant CML warrants high clinical suspicion, routine blood count surveillance, and reflex BCR::ABL1 testing of unexplained leukocytosis. Careful adjustment of immunosuppression allows effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy without compromising graft integrity, but multi-center registries are essential to refine preventative and therapeutic strategies.