^
    4d
    Hallmarks of liver cancer: Therapeutic implications. (PubMed, Cell)
    Unlike HCC, roughly 45% of iCCA harbor alterations amenable to precision oncology approaches, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, ERBB2 alterations, and BRAF mutations. In this review, we explore how this framework has reshaped liver cancer care and discuss the resulting breakthroughs in management and emerging directions that may further improve therapeutic strategies.
    Review • Journal • IO biomarker
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1)
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    BRAF mutation • HER-2 mutation • IDH1 mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion
    10d
    The FGF-FGFR axis as an immune-metabolic rheostat in gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
    Framing the FGF-FGFR network as an integrated rheostat offers a unifying mechanistic paradigm that links epithelial damage, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer development. It underscores the need for context-selective therapeutic interventions that reconcile tissue repair with long-term oncogenic risk.
    Review • Journal
    |
    FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) • FGF19 (Fibroblast growth factor 19) • FGFR4 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) • FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) • FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23)
    |
    FGFR2 fusion
    13d
    Beacon-BTC: A Study to Select a Dose Regimen (Part A) and to Investigate Overall Survival (Part B) With Nanvuranlat Compared With Physician's Best Choice in Participants Aged 18 Years or Older With Biliary Tract Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=480, Recruiting, J-Pharma Co., Ltd. | Initiation date: Jan 2026 --> Apr 2026
    Trial initiation date
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
    |
    MSI-H/dMMR • HER-2 overexpression • HER-2 amplification • HER-2 mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion
    |
    5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium • nanvuranlat (JPH203)
    15d
    ReFocus202: A Study of Lirafugratinib in Non-CCA Solid Tumors With FGFR2 Fusion or Rearrangement (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=30, Recruiting, Elevar Therapeutics | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
    Enrollment open
    |
    FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) • CA 19-9 (Cancer antigen 19-9)
    |
    FGFR2 fusion
    |
    lirafugratinib (RLY-4008)
    16d
    Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of BL-M05D1 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=160, Recruiting, SystImmune Inc. | N=120 --> 160
    Enrollment change
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • CLDN18 (Claudin 18) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • HER-2 overexpression • BRAF mutation • HER-2 mutation • IDH1 mutation • CLDN18.2 expression • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion • IDH mutation + NTRK fusion • NTRK fusion
    20d
    Malignant effusions serve as a feasible source for therapy-related biomarker testing in advanced gastric cancer. (PubMed, J Clin Pathol)
    Malignant effusion CBs show favourable intra-patient biomarker consistency over time, supporting their feasibility for longitudinal monitoring. Effusion-based testing shows potential value for potentially identifying candidates for FGFR2b-targeted therapies, pending further clinical validation.
    Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • Biomarker testings
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • CLDN18 (Claudin 18)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • FGFR2 fusion
    22d
    Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm: a case report of perineal involvement and literature review. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    Existing literature primarily identifies such tumors in the distal extremities and temporomandibular joint; however, the case reported herein is the first documented occurrence in the perineum of a female. This finding suggests that the spectrum of CCMN may extend beyond the traditionally recognized locations of the distal extremities and temporomandibular joint.
    Journal
    |
    FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • FN1 (Fibronectin 1)
    |
    FGFR2 fusion
    26d
    Real-world Analysis of Treatment Patterns, Clinical Outcomes, and Molecular Profiling in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. (PubMed, Anticancer Res)
    The integration of NGS and the subsequent use of matched targeted therapy significantly improved survival outcomes in selected patients with advanced BTC, highlighting the importance of precision medicine strategies.
    Clinical data • Retrospective data • Journal • Real-world evidence • IO biomarker
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • HER-2 amplification • HER-2 mutation • IDH1 mutation • ARID1A mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion
    27d
    Case Report: Rare pheochromocytoma in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a 3-event, 4-hit model of pathogenesis. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    In contrast to the pheochromocytoma, the BDA showed no evidence of a second TP53 alteration that might suggest that TP53 had played a role in its pathogenesis. This case highlights the rare presentation of pheochromocytoma in LFS and provides a molecular hypothesis of how this tumor may have developed.
    Journal
    |
    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1)
    |
    FGFR2 fusion
    29d
    Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor: molecular genetics and DNA methylation analysis of 12 cases. (PubMed, J Pathol)
    Only one patient died 16 months after surgery due to an unrelated traffic accident.
    Journal
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) • SOX10 (SRY-Box 10) • GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) • OLIG2 (Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2)
    |
    BRAF V600E • BRAF V600 • IDH1 mutation • IDH2 mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion • IDH mutation + BRAF V600E
    1m
    Comprehensive molecular-clinical profiling of cholangiocarcinoma according to pathologic subtypes. (PubMed, HPB (Oxford))
    Pathological subtypes of CCA exhibit distinct clinical outcomes and molecular characteristics. Classification based on pathological subtype provides a useful framework for understanding the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of CCA.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2)
    |
    KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion
    1m
    Phase III trial of infigratinib versus gemcitabine/cisplatin in adults with advanced cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 gene fusion or rearrangement: results and reflections on early termination of PROOF 301. (PubMed, ESMO Open)
    Early termination limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions on the efficacy of infigratinib as first-line treatment of FGFR2-rearranged CCA. This study illustrates the challenges of powering confirmatory studies in biomarker-selected subpopulations of rare tumors and highlights the need for regulatory collaboration to develop pragmatic frameworks for assessing novel therapies in ultra-rare malignancies.
    P3 data • Journal
    |
    FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2)
    |
    FGFR2 fusion
    |
    cisplatin • gemcitabine • Truseltiq (infigratinib)