FGFR3 mutation

Nonetheless, successful clinical implementation will require prospective validation, optimized analytical platforms, and sustained physician-scientist engagement to translate these discoveries into improved patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in UC translational research, with a focus on genomic and transcriptomic insights, the evolving role of immunotherapy, advances in liquid biopsy, and the development of novel therapeutics.

P1/2, N=310, Active, not recruiting, Tyra Biosciences, Inc | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Over a five-year follow-up period, 50% of ctDNA-positive patients were diagnosed with early-stage HCC, with a mean lead time of 26.6 months compared to standard clinical assessments. By enabling diagnosis months earlier than conventional methods, ctDNA-based testing may enhance HCC surveillance and facilitate a more personalized approach to cancer monitoring.

P2, N=43, Terminated, Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Sponsor decided to discontinue the study due to strategic considerations and not due to any safety-related concerns.

Although significant advances have been made in precision therapy for bladder cancer, critical research gaps remain, including tumor heterogeneity, therapy resistance, and insufficient validation of biomarkers. Future research directions emphasize the potential of liquid biopsy for non-invasive diagnosis and dynamic monitoring, rational combination therapies, multi-omics data integration, and artificial intelligence in advancing personalized treatment, providing a systematic and forward-looking perspective on precision medicine in bladder cancer.

The integrated approach of IHC with genotyping could improve risk stratification and guide personalized management strategies. Moreover, as cytology is less sensitive to diagnose UC, especially low-grade tumours, Xpert BCM can be used as a promising diagnostic test for both primary and recurrent BC settings.

Distinct patterns of co-occurrence, including TP53 with RB1, and mutual exclusivity, including TP53 with FGFR3 or KDM6A, revealed distinct molecular subtypes. This study highlights the extensive heterogeneity of bladder cancer, and our findings emphasize the clinical importance of molecular stratification and support the need for further mechanistic and prospective studies to inform the development of targeted therapies.

In the past few years, circulating tumour DNA has emerged as a minimally invasive biomarker, with increasing data supporting its prognostic value and utility for monitoring clinical responses. In this Review, we address these developments and discuss biomarkers that could have clinical utility in patients with aUC.

STAG2 loss alters DREAM target expression, complex composition, and chromatin distribution, and leads to rewiring of chromatin interactions involving DREAM binding motifs in genes critical for cell cycle entry. Our findings provide compelling evidence that STAG2 loss disrupts in 3D genome organization through a novel mechanism involving the DREAM complex, thereby impairing homeostatic quiescence and increasing oncogenic sensitivity.

Treatment for CCUC has varied by case, with some surgeons electing to treat with radical cystectomy while others opting for local resection. Our case helps combat the paucity of literature by further characterizing and contributing to the management of CCUC.

Our findings reveal a distinct molecular signature of UTUC in Southwestern Taiwan, with early- and late-stage tumors showing divergent mutational landscapes. These insights emphasize the importance of molecular stratification in UTUC management and suggest that a broader repertoire of targeted therapies could benefit patients in this high-incidence region.

In a xenograft model driven by an FGFR3S249C-activating mutation, dabogratinib treatment resulted in dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition with tumor regression observed at the highest doses. These preclinical findings are supported by the three case reports from the SURF301 study, which demonstrate early clinical activity in patients with advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma with an FGFR3 fusion or activating mutation.