FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha )

Our large-scale study of transcriptome demonstrates FOLR2 gene expression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer in samples with low expression of PSMA. Future prediction of disease risk could be enhanced by using FOLR2 as a molecular target for identifying aggressive prostate cancer in cases of low PSMA.

In conclusion, the tandem bispecific CAR-NK92 cells developed in this study represent a meaningful advance in immunotherapy. Their dual mechanism-broader antigen recognition and enhanced immune infiltration-effectively addresses two major therapeutic barriers in OC, offering a promising strategy for treating refractory cases.

ADC target expression varied substantially by ovarian cancer histotype. In paired specimens, cognate ADC exposure was associated with a directional decrease in target expression, suggesting possible therapy-associated antigen modulation. These preliminary findings support longitudinal biomarker reassessment to guide subsequent ADC selection and trial eligibility.

P3, N=520, Active, not recruiting, AbbVie | Trial primary completion date: May 2032 --> Apr 2027

ADC targets in HGSOC display limited molecular but significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with expression classifications varying by site and time. FolR1 expression in adnexal tumours associates with aggressive disease.

P1/2, N=36, Recruiting, Beijing Biotech

Future challenges include the potential for ADCs to serve as maintenance therapies, and the rationale for combination strategies with immunotherapy, antiangiogenics, chemotherapy or targeted agents. As the understanding of ADC pharmacology deepens, these agents will play an increasingly central role in the rapidly evolving treatment paradigm of gynecologic cancers.

Platinum-based chemotherapy increased Cyclin-E1 expression. These patients were less likely to benefit from PARP inhibitors (75% are BRCA-wildtype) or mirvetuximab-soravtansine (67% were not FRα-high), highlighting a distinct patient population in need of novel therapies.

Despite encouraging results, challenges such as biomarker heterogeneity, limited fluorophore availability, and cost must be addressed. Further large-scale, randomized trials are required to validate efficacy and integrate these approaches into clinical practice.

P2, N=110, Recruiting, AbbVie | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2028 --> Jul 2026

P3, N=520, Active, not recruiting, AbbVie | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2027 --> May 2032