Gallbladder Cancer

This study underscores the profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment in gallbladder cancer originating from the neck/cystic duct (GBCN/CD), highlights the role of LAMB3+ tumor cells in immune modulation, and identifies LAMB3 as a potential therapeutic target for GBCN/CD.

B7-family expression delineates biologically distinct GBC subpopulations; HHLA2 promotes EMT via RAC1/CDC42-PAK1-Cofilin signaling. The GBM model incorporating CD276, VTCN1, and HHLA2 expression with tumor size and differentiation demonstrates potential for enhanced post-operative risk stratification, offering promising candidates for biomarker development and targeted therapeutic interventions.

We defined three spatial immunophenotypes in GBC with distinct immune features and clinical outcomes. PNI was associated with the formation of a local immune-evasion niche.

Accurate distinction between distal CCA and pancreatic head cancer has become increasingly important, particularly in unresectable or borderline resectable cases, as systemic treatment strategies differ between these entities. Although these two neoplasms share many morphological and immunohistochemical features, the presence of clear or foamy cancer cells in biopsy specimens is uncommon in dCCA and may favour pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

P2, N=40, Recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University

P2, N=28, Recruiting, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

Personalized ctDNA testing demonstrated meaningful utility across HPB cancers, enabling early recurrence detection and guiding clinical decision making as a complementary tool in multidisciplinary care.

P=N/A, N=40, Not yet recruiting, University of Pittsburgh | Trial completion date: Jun 2028 --> Jun 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Dec 2030

Study underscores ability of serum miRNAs 183_5p and 3651 as diagnostic biomarkers for early GBC detection.

P=N/A, N=40, Recruiting, Peking University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P3, N=286, Active, not recruiting, Jazz Pharmaceuticals | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a consolidated mechanistic overview of bacterial infection-induced carcinogenesis and to highlight emerging phytochemical and nanotechnology strategies as potential therapeutic approaches. Additionally, phytochemical-based interventions and nanotechnology strategies are discussed as potential alternative therapeutic approaches to counteract bacteria-induced carcinogenesis.