Ganglioglioma

These findings highlight a previously unrecognized imaging pattern that may aid early identification of medullary GG and offer preliminary insight into its molecular basis. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these results.

P4, N=165, Recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Nov 2026

In molecular level, PLNTY exhibits alterations in the MAPK pathway; while its DNA methylation profile demonstrates diversity. Most patients achieved seizure-free outcomes postoperatively, indicating a favorable prognosis.

H3K27M/BRAF V600E-mutant gliomas may represent a distinct subgroup, with outcomes linked to histologic and co-occurring molecular features. Targeted therapy and a surgical approach may support long-term survival in low-grade cases.

No treatment-related deaths were reported. In pediatric patients with relapsed orrefractory BRAF V600-mutated HGG, dabrafenib exhibited sustained objective tumor responses and a manageable safety profile.

In the remaining cases, the lack of distinctive histopathological features hindered a definitive diagnosis. In conclusion, according to our experience, DNA methylation profile analysis represents a very attractive diagnostic tool and provides important support for the diagnosis and classification of CNS tumors.

A fatal outcome and multifocal lesions were significantly associated with tumor recurrence or dissemination (p < 0.05). DIA/DIG has a generally promising prognosis, high ki-67, and multifocal localization of the tumors, which may be factors related to a more aggressive course.

Though rare, multiple neurofibromatosis type 1-unrelated tumors can develop in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients, which demands attention and interdisciplinary management. All related genes should be screened for potential pathogenic variants.

DMGs harboring both H3K27M and BRAFV600E mutations may represent a distinct subtype, with radiologic, histopathologic, and molecular features that appear different from those of non-MAPK-altered H3K27M DMGs.

In summary, ALK fusions may be shared features of a group of low-grade intracranial tumors including IMT, tanycytic ST-EPN, GG, and ALK-rearranged low-grade myxoid mesenchyma neoplasm. Future studies using larger cohorts are warranted to further characterize their clinical and pathological features.

P4, N=163, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=250 --> 163