Germ Cell Tumors

We report the case of a 26-year-old man with a primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor who progressed despite multimodal therapy, including etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous stem cell transplantation, gemcitabine and paclitaxel, surgical debulking, and radiation therapy. No further disease-directed therapies were available, and he ultimately died from progressive metastatic disease. This case highlights the aggressive biology of platinum-resistant primary mediastinal yolk sac tumors, illustrates primary resistance to programmed death-1 inhibition, and underscores the urgent need for more effective salvage strategies in this high-risk population.

It also emphasizes that normal tumor marker levels do not exclude recurrence and that histopathological confirmation remains essential for accurate diagnosis. Recognition of unusual presentations in long-term survivors of germ cell tumors is important to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

P1, N=25, Recruiting, University of California, Irvine

Our data indicate that DDX53 protein acts as a regulator of RNA metabolism in human cells. Collectively, we show that DDX53 participates in transcriptome regulation (including splicing) in male germ cells and exhibits transcriptomewide RNA interactions, but its wider biological role remains to be clarified.

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care in this setting, administered either as conventional-dose cisplatin-based regimens or as high-dose carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy. In this narrative review, we outline established and emerging treatment opportunities for this rare but challenging clinical scenario of platinum-resistant GCCs. This review provides a focused and up-to-date synthesis of therapeutic options for multiply relapsed, platinum-refractory GCCs, with a particular emphasis on late-line treatment sequencing and emerging biomarker-driven strategies, including CLDN6-directed therapies.

A combined model utilising DWI, ADC, T2WI, and contrast-enhanced T1WI imaging, alongside AFP and cystic necrosis, demonstrates high precision, adaptability, and robustness in distinguishing seminoma from non-seminoma testicular tumors.

Germline P/LP mutations were identified in 15.7% of Korean children and AYAs with CNS tumors, most commonly in gliomas and other CNS tumors. Our findings highlight the molecular heterogeneity of germline predisposition in CNS tumors and emphasize the importance of germline testing for risk assessment and surveillance.

P2, N=798, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial primary completion date: May 2027 --> May 2026

The patient achieved sustained remission after surgery and chemotherapy during a follow-up period of five years and six months. This case underscores the significant diagnostic challenge posed by dysgerminomas mimicking sex cord-stromal tumors and highlights the critical role of an integrated diagnostic approach combining morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular profiling to avoid misdiagnosis and guide management.

Surveillance with serial clinical examination, alpha-fetoprotein monitoring, and cross-sectional imaging is effective in identifying early recurrence. This review synthesizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, antenatal and postnatal management, outcomes, and postoperative surveillance for SCTs.

This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of pediatric T-PLL and demonstrates that a multidisciplinary correlation of clinical, histological, immunophenotypic, and molecular features-together with repeated biopsy and comprehensive immunophenotyping-can be decisive for timely and accurate diagnosis.

Anti-KLHL11 encephalitis mainly related to infratentorial encephalitis but can also present as limbic encephalitis and rarely as meningitis. Early diagnosis enables early oncological and immunologic treatment, hopefully improving outcomes.