This study showed the feasibility of a modified Toxicity Proportion Interval design and PK/PD analysis to determine a recommended dose for a compound without a dose-limiting toxicity and a tolerable and manageable safety profile.
4 months ago
P1 data • Journal • IO biomarker
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CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • ICOS (Inducible T Cell Costimulator)
Key therapeutic approaches include CTLA-4-Ig fusion proteins (abatacept, belatacept) for autoimmune diseases, ICOS agonists (feladilimab, vopratelimab) to enhance anti-tumor immunity, and bispecific CD28-engaging antibodies (CD28xCD3, CD28xPSMA) for cancer immunotherapy. By integrating structural insights with translational drug development, this review provides a framework for optimizing CD28- and ICOS-targeted therapies. Further advancements in biologics, peptide-based inhibitors, and immune checkpoint modulation will enhance the precision and efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies.
6 months ago
Review • Journal
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CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4) • ICOS (Inducible T Cell Costimulator)
P2/3, N=118, Terminated, GlaxoSmithKline | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; The trial was stopped by the sponsor based on assessment of the clinical data