IDH wild-type

MolGBM showed comparable unadjusted OS but more favorable adjusted OS than HistGBM, supporting clinical and biological heterogeneity among molecularly defined IDH-WT diffuse glioma. IDH-WT, TERTp-WT lower-grade astrocytic tumors lacking GBM-defining alterations require comprehensive molecular characterization.

Gene set enrichment analysis linked high PS to immune-evasive pathways, including Notch and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, along with increased expression of DNA repair gene RAD50, suggesting a potential association with radiotherapy response. This AI-based pathomics framework offers a robust and interpretable tool for immunoprofiling and outcome prediction, paving the way for precision radiotherapy and Treg-targeted therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.

Post-operative re-RT appears to be associated with enhanced survival and minimal toxicity in patients with rGBM following temozolomide chemoradiation. Our study suggests a novel clinicogenetic criterion for re-RT after re-OP in rGBM, which requires further validation.

P2/3, N=30, Recruiting, Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=10, Active, not recruiting, University of Chicago | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 --> Dec 2026

Clinically, two patients died within 3-9 months, while one remains clinically stable despite radiological progression. DHG-H3 K27 represents a rare hemispheric glioma subgroup sharing molecular and epigenetic features of DMG-H3 K27 without midline involvement, underscoring biological heterogeneity and the importance of integrated molecular classification.

Despite advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the mOS median overall survival in our real-world patient cohort did not improve over time. The findings emphasise the need for ongoing research efforts to improve outcomes in this lethal disease.

P=N/A, N=164, Completed, UMC Utrecht | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Sep 2025

Oligo Cdkn2a tumors displayed metabolic and transcriptional changes associated with IDH and CIC mutations, and single cell sequencing identified a bias towards oligodendrocyte differentiation compared to an IDH wild-type glioblastoma mouse model. Oligo Cdkn2a tumors represent the first mouse model system to recapitulate the genetic, histological and transcriptional features of human IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, offering a platform to further dissect tumor biology and test new therapeutic strategies.

This international clinical dataset of adults diagnosed with glioblastoma since the introduction of the WHO CNS 5 criteria supports the use of conventionally fractionated chemoradiation in fit patients < 70, while hypofractionated regimens are appropriate for those ≥ 70. Surgical extent, treatment intensity, and MGMT methylation remain key determinants of survival in older patients with glioblastoma.

P=N/A, N=30, Recruiting, Medical University of Vienna

Overall, our findings indicate that PMMRDGs represent a distinct type of IDH-wildtype gliomas with potential for long-term survival likely driven by immune activation.