Pharmacological agents like metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, and statins demonstrate promising anticancer effects in addition to glycemic control, while biologics such as canakinumab and tocilizumab modulate inflammatory processes relevant to both disease states. Ultimately, dual-targeting strategies represent an emerging and promising therapeutic framework for managing patients with overlapping cancer and metabolic disease, with potential to optimize outcomes, reduce therapy-related toxicities, improve long-term survival. Future research must prioritize biomarker-guided precision therapies, multidisciplinary management and the inclusion of metabolic parameters in oncology trial designs.

P2/3, N=234, Active, not recruiting, MediciNova | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Apr 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Apr 2027

P2, N=17, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Sep 2027 --> Apr 2032

Herein, we report the synthesis of lenalidomide (63% overall yield) and pomalidomide (62% overall yield) using an integrated continuous flow platform with residence times of 42 minutes and 52 minutes, respectively. The products are obtained without the need for column chromatography, and both immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) can be accessed from a common intermediate through our developed route. Furthermore, we explore the synthesis of CRBN ligand-linkers under continuous flow, affording a series of derivatives with diverse properties in yields exceeding 90%.

P2, N=15, Active, not recruiting, Weill Medical College of Cornell University | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

Therefore, the diacerein-induced TNF-α and IL-1β inhibitory effect caused Nfkb1 downregulation and, hence, prevented apoptosis in osteoblasts. The increased ALP activity and IL-10 in PDG indicate that diacerein mitigates periodontitis impact on alveolar bone in rat molars.

P3, N=673, Terminated, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> Jan 2026 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Results of primary analysis showed addition of canakinumab to combination treatment did not improve tumor response or overall survival; the decision to stop the trial was not due to safety concerns

P2, N=210, Active, not recruiting, Shaperon | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> Jun 2026

P2, N=83, Active, not recruiting, AbbVie | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2/3, N=460, Completed, University Health Network, Toronto | Suspended --> Completed

In this pediatric cohort of cr-FMF patients, both anakinra and canakinumab were effective in reducing disease activity and inflammation. Anakinra offered rapid symptom relief but had frequent injection site reactions. Canakinumab provided sustained control with fewer local side effects but required monitoring for rare complications.

P1/2, N=108, Recruiting, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG