Nearly half of patients developing ir-hepatitis had an inadequate response to steroids and needed MMF as a secondary immunosuppressant. Patients with mixed DILI were more likely to respond to steroids, while alcohol consumption was associated with inadequate steroid response. Immune analyses showed high T cell infiltration in the liver among patients with ir-hepatitis.

P3, N=21, Active, not recruiting, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 --> Oct 2026

P=N/A, N=116, Not yet recruiting, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University

P2, N=51, Completed, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

For steroid-refractory cases, second-line options include mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and emerging therapies like abatacept and ruxolitinib. ICI-M is a rare yet highly lethal cardiac complication demanding high clinical vigilance and timely diagnosis. Management hinges on an aggressive multidisciplinary approach, aiming to minimize toxicity while balancing oncological efficacy.

P3, N=204, Completed, Chinese PLA General Hospital | Phase classification: P4 --> P3

P1, N=60, Active, not recruiting, Northwestern University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2027 --> Jan 2026

P=N/A, N=400, Recruiting, Johns Hopkins University | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Dec 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2026 --> Aug 2030

Dysgeusia began shortly after the initiation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and led to reduced caloric intake, early satiety, and progressive sarcopenia...The overall clinical picture suggested that dysgeusia-associated malnutrition, likely exacerbated by medication exposure in the context of portal hypertension, contributed substantially to hepatic decompensation. This case underscores the overlooked impact of taste disturbances in cirrhotic patients and highlights the importance of early identification, medication review, and nutritional intervention to mitigate malnutrition-related complications.

Collectively, these findings identify CCL3 as a non-redundant effector of Breg-mediated protection, acting primarily through peripheral T-cell and myeloid remodeling, with secondary CNS impacts. These results highlight the translational potential of CCL3-competent, spleen-derived GIFT15 Bregs for therapeutic modulation of autoimmune demyelination.

P2, N=354, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | N=254 --> 354

P=N/A, N=1000, Recruiting, Sanofi