In mCRPC, docetaxel remains foundational, while cabazitaxel is preferred over ARPI switching after prior docetaxel and one ARPI, supporting mechanism-based sequencing. Immunotherapy has a limited but important niche: sipuleucel-T may benefit selected patients with low symptom burden, whereas immune checkpoint inhibitors are best reserved for biomarker-defined subsets such as microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient tumors; tumor mutational burden should be interpreted cautiously in prostate cancer. Ongoing trials and emerging antigen-directed platforms will clarify whether chemotherapy can act as an immune-enabling partner in defined settings.
CBZ/FA-CA-OCD NPs improve PCa chemoimmunotherapy by regulating gut microbiota, reversing immunosuppression, and enhancing T-cell infiltration. This nanomedicine-based strategy provides a promising approach to boost PCa treatment outcomes.
177Lu-PSMA-617 strongly promotes CH, supporting integration of longitudinal monitoring for long-term hematologic sequelae as radioligand therapy is implemented earlier in prostate cancer care.