Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that JS-201 reduced fibroblast proliferation by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps mediated by ROS, thereby relieving radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, the JS-201 and radiotherapy combination enhances antitumor effects while mitigating acute and chronic RILI, and it may have potential for translational investigation as a cancer treatment strategy.