Kaposi Sarcoma

P=N/A, N=300, Not yet recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | N=100 --> 300

Hence, there is a dire need to introduce new medicinal plant-based therapeutic approaches against oncovirus. This review analyses the molecular pathways of viral oncogenesis critically and discusses the clinical translation and a promising future potential of phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants like Phyllanthus emblica, Datura stramonium, Cannabis sativa, Andrographis paniculata, Aegle marmelos, Calotropis procera, and Prosopis cineraria proven to have bioactive compounds functioning as antivirals, immune-modulator, pro-apoptotic, and cell cycle regulatory effects in the preclinical models along with multi-targets.

P2, N=55, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

However, RTA inhibited EEF1D expression at both the protein and transcriptional levels. These findings expand the functional repertoire of RTA by revealing its ability to repress host gene transcription, providing new insights into viral persistence and pathogenesis.

Notably, we found that PRC2-mediated heterochromatin inhibits the HIF-1α-mediated upregulation of lytic genes as chromatinization of the KSHV genome progresses during infection. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of how epigenetic regulation intersects with host stress responses to influence viral pathogenesis.

Phytochemicals derived from Mentha arvensis demonstrate potential as dual-action agents capable of mitigating doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity while preserving anticancer activity. However, when used alone, these compounds exhibited only moderate therapeutic potential. Combinatorial strategies involving Dexa may enhance cardioprotective efficacy while reducing associated limitations, possibly through modulation of ferroptosis-related pathways. Nevertheless, rigorous experimental validation remains essential. Future studies should employ well-established in vivo oncogenic cardiotoxicity models incorporating Dox, Dexa, and phytochemicals concurrently to elucidate shared molecular targets and confirm therapeutic efficacy against both cancer and DIC.

In contrast, some AIDS-related KS patients with genotype A showed lymph node and visceral involvement and a lower number of immune cells around the tumor, which suggests that host immunity against KSHV affects the clinical presentation. Among patients with AIDS-related KS, the numbers of CD3 and CD8 cells in genotype C were higher than those in genotype A. These results imply that genotype C induces more potent host tumor immunity than genotype A. Thus, the present study suggests that the clinical presentation of KS is associated with both host immunity and KSHV genotypes.

This case highlights how visceral leishmaniasis can mimic Kaposi's sarcoma in people living with HIV, posing a major diagnostic challenge. Early recognition and comprehensive workup are essential, and rising climatic suitability underlines the need for heightened clinical awareness beyond classical endemic areas.

He ultimately passed away due to cardiac arrest three months post-diagnosis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for gastric Kaposi sarcoma in newly diagnosed HIV patients with nonspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, even in the absence of skin lesions.

This study links RIG-I deficiency to classic KS and supports its role as a candidate inborn error of innate immunity shaping KSHV pathogenesis. The findings extend RIG-I's antiviral relevance beyond RNA viruses. Additional patients will clarify the virus susceptibility spectrum.

P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Washington University School of Medicine | Initiation date: Mar 2025 --> May 2026

A high HHV-8 viral load may be a risk factor for mortality in PLWH with KS. Notably, all PLWH diagnosed with KICS in this study died, underscoring the poor prognosis associated with this condition.