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    BIOMARKER:

    KRAS G12

    i
    Other names: KRAS, KRAS1, KRAS2, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
    Entrez ID:
    3845
    Related biomarkers:
    Expression
    Mutation
    CNA
    Others
    1d
    Vebreltinib Plus Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for MET-overexpressing NSCLC (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=19, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Chest Hospital
    New P2 trial
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS)
    |
    KRAS G12C • MET amplification • ALK rearrangement • MET exon 14 mutation • MET overexpression • ROS1 rearrangement • MET mutation • KRAS G12 • ALK negative
    |
    vebreltinib (APL-101)
    1d
    Early fibrotic niches establish tumour-permissive microenvironments. (PubMed, Nature)
    Disruption of the amphiregulin-EGFR axis prevents early niche formation and abrogates tumour initiation. Conservation of this programme in KRASG12D-inducible human alveolar organoids and early-stage lung adenocarcinoma tissues identifies epithelial-microenvironment communication as a therapeutically actionable vulnerability and suggests that intercepting niche formation may prevent progression to treatment-resistant disease.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12
    1d
    Firmonertinib for Adjuvant Therapy in Completely Resected Stage IA EGFR-Mutated NSCLC (ChiCTR2600121611)
    P4, N=535, Recruiting, Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Peking Union Medical College Hospital
    New P4 trial • Real-world evidence
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • NTRK3 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3) • NTRK2 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1) • FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) • NRG1 (Neuregulin 1) • BRCA (Breast cancer early onset)
    |
    TP53 mutation • BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF V600 • HER-2 mutation • ALK positive • RET fusion • ALK fusion • FGFR mutation • RET mutation • ROS1 fusion • MET mutation • RB1 mutation • NRG1 fusion • KRAS G12 • BRCA mutation
    |
    Ivesa (firmonertinib)
    2d
    Umbrella Trial of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ChiCTR2600121351)
    P2, N=124, Fudan University Cancer Hospital; Fudan University Cancer Hospital
    New P2 trial
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
    |
    MSI-H/dMMR • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12
    2d
    A Study of NB004 as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=25, Terminated, Ningbo Newbay Technology Development Co., Ltd | N=120 --> 25 | Trial completion date: Sep 2026 --> Oct 2025 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Sep 2025; Development change
    Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial termination • Trial primary completion date
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12
    |
    Lumakras (sotorasib)
    3d
    Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Activates a MALL-SDC4 Axis to Facilitate Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh))
    Disruption of the axis through SPHK1 knockdown in CAFs, genetic perturbation of MALL or SDC4 in cancer cells, or adeno-associated virus-mediated SPHK1 or SDC4 knockdown in KPC (KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53LSL-R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre) mice significantly reduces PNI and tumor burden. These findings uncover a metabolite-driven MALL-SDC4 program connecting stromal metabolism to neural invasion, and identify promising therapeutic targets for PDAC.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • RHOA (Ras homolog family member A) • SDC4 (Syndecan 4) • PDX1 (Pancreatic And Duodenal Homeobox 1) • SPHK1 (Sphingosine Kinase 1)
    |
    KRAS G12D • KRAS G12
    3d
    Revisiting RAS family GTPase signaling: effector selectivity and oncogenic bypass. (PubMed, Biochem J)
    Together, these effects bypass intrinsic effector selectivity, allowing canonical RAS to co-opt effectors normally associated with other RAS subfamilies and broaden downstream signaling. This framework explains how inherent effector preferences govern normal signaling and how oncogenic mutations override these constraints to expand effector engagement in RAS-driven cancers.
    Review • Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • RAP1A (RAP1A, Member Of RAS Oncogene Family)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61 • NRAS G13 • KRAS Q61
    3d
    Elisrasib Elicits Clinical Benefit in KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC. (PubMed, Cancer Discov)
    In a phase I/II clinical trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer treated with the next-generation KRASG12C inhibitor elisrasib showed robust and durable clinical responses. Patients naïve to KRASG12C inhibitors, as well as those refractory to other such drugs, experienced high rates of disease control-98.5% and 83.9%, respectively.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12
    |
    elisrasib (D3S-001)
    3d
    KontRASt-02: Study of JDQ443 in Comparison With Docetaxel in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic KRAS G12C Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=95, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 --> Aug 2026
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12
    |
    docetaxel • opnurasib (JDQ443)
    3d
    KRASCENDO 3: A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Divarasib Compared With Investigator's Choice of Immunotherapy or Observation in Participants With Resected Stage II-III KRAS G12C-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=400, Not yet recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche
    New P3 trial
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12
    |
    Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • Opdivo (nivolumab) • divarasib (RG6330)
    3d
    KontRASt-06: Study of Efficacy and Safety of JDQ443 Single-agent as First-line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic KRAS G12C- Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With a PD-L1 Expression < 1% or a PD-L1 Expression ≥ 1% and an STK11 Co-mutation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=95, Active, not recruiting, Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Nov 2027
    Trial completion date • IO biomarker
    |
    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11)
    |
    PD-L1 expression • KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • STK11 mutation • KRAS G12
    |
    opnurasib (JDQ443)
    3d
    A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of KQB368 as Monotherapy in Participants With Advanced Solid Malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=48, Not yet recruiting, Kumquat Biosciences Inc.
    New P1 trial
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12 • KRAS G12S