lomustine

Chemotherapy with l-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone was initiated; however, neurological symptoms developed after the first cycle. Subsequent cerebrospinal fluid cytology and flow cytometry suggested central nervous system involvement in the lymphoma, and the dog was euthanized owing to disease progression despite the addition of lomustine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral retrobulbar large B-cell lymphoma with multifocal involvement in a dog. A comprehensive assessment of diagnostic modalities is essential to diagnose extranodal lymphoma and assess extranodal involvement.

Despite poor overall outcomes, incremental progress across targeted, immune, and delivery-based approaches supports a patient centered strategy emphasizing clinical-trial enrollment, molecular profiling and symptom focused care.

P3, N=50, Recruiting, Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P3, N=560, Active, not recruiting, CarThera | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=20, Terminated, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Sep 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2025; Poor accrual

P1, N=20, Recruiting, University of California, Davis | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The 10-gene prognostic model can independently predict patients' prognosis. The great correlation between ZC3H12B and multiple feature genes and immune cells may be tightly linked to EC progression.

P3, N=18, Not yet recruiting, Telix Pharmaceuticals

P1, N=20, Not yet recruiting, University of California, Davis

P2, N=25, Recruiting, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 --> Aug 2026

P2, N=75, Completed, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Shangde YaoYuan Technology Co., Ltd | Not yet recruiting --> Completed

After surgery, the patient showed resistance to Stupp protocol therapy, which was substituted with lomustine and bevacizumab combination therapy. This case illustrates that glioma may progress rapidly during pregnancy, but a favorable obstetric outcome is achievable. Management of similar cases should respect both the need for timely treatment and the patient's informed decision.