Marginal Zone Lymphoma

This integrative multi-cohort study uncovered common transcriptional and immune signatures underlying SjD, MALT lymphoma, and thyroid cancer. The identification of shared hub genes, particularly PLA2G7 and TGFB1I1, provides novel insight into the immune-driven transition from chronic inflammation to malignancy and offers promising biomarkers for cross-disease diagnosis and immunotherapeutic stratification. Key Points • Key genes (PLA2G7 and TGFB1I1) affecting the occurrence of Sjögren's syndrome, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and thyroid cancer are identified for the first time. • Bioinformatics methods were employed to simultaneously study three diseases for the first time.

MALT lymphoma of the gallbladder is rare, does not have typical imaging findings, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. This case reaffirms the importance of pathological examination of cholecystectomy specimens, as detailed pathological evaluation of the postoperative specimens leads to a diagnosis.

P1, N=17, Active, not recruiting, Byondis B.V. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=100 --> 17 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> Feb 2026

P=N/A, N=100, Recruiting, International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Unexplained splenomegaly warrants consideration of primary splenic lymphoma in the differential diagnosis, even without lymphadenopathy or classic B symptoms, particularly when detected during abdominal imaging for hepatosplenic evaluation.Histopathologic and molecular confirmation is essential, as indolent subtypes (e.g. SMZL) and aggressive subtypes (e.g. DLBCL) may present identically but require fundamentally different treatment approaches.PET/CT-guided diagnostic strategy optimises outcomes by enabling accurate staging, identifying the most metabolically active site for biopsy, and informing the need for splenectomy versus direct systemic therapy.

P3, N=122, Active, not recruiting, International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2026

P2, N=17, Completed, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 --> Oct 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Additionally, some cases developed into multicentric Castleman disease. Currently, no effective treatment regimen has been established for this condition.

Notably, NGS and digital droplet PCR confirmed a TP53 frameshift mutation (c.902del; p.Pro301Glnfs*44) with a fractional abundance of 0.31% in the lymph node and a (c.742C>T; p.Arg248Trp) mutation (0.309%) in the bone marrow. Results underscore the importance of NGS-based clonality to diagnose NMZL with prominent PD1+ T-cell hyperplasia, and prompt further investigation into tissue-specific mutational signatures in these unusual cases.

P2, N=50, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

The non-gastric MALT lymphomas have an excellent prognosis as a whole; relapses are common but manageable, and disseminated disease is rare. Long-term follow-up is recommended in all cases.