Melanoma

P=N/A, N=142, Not yet recruiting, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Apr 2029 --> Aug 2029 | Initiation date: Apr 2026 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2029 --> Aug 2029

A 77-year-old woman with stage IV serous endometrial carcinoma presented 24 days after a single dose of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab, with progressive weakness, ptosis, diplopia, and respiratory compromise...She was treated with pulse corticosteroids and plasma exchange (PLEX), with rituximab added after the second session for an inadequate response. Persistent myocarditis with sustained troponin elevation prompted further escalation to abatacept and ruxolitinib...The case is distinguished by refractory disease requiring four sequential lines of immunosuppression, concurrent immune-mediated hepatitis and thyroiditis, and a seronegative myasthenia gravis profile, consistent with the more heterogeneous, non-antibody-mediated mechanisms increasingly recognized in ICI-induced disease. It informs treatment escalation in refractory cases and underscores three principles essential to managing this high-mortality syndrome: early recognition, systematic screening for all syndromic components once any one is identified, and timely escalation through multiple lines of immunosuppression when disease proves refractory.

PRAME is an antigen that has been described in primary cutaneous and metastatic melanomas and has become a useful ancillary immunohistochemical marker, particularly when all others are negative. We present a patient with metastatic melanoma to the left atrium with loss of melanocytic differentiation, gain of a rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation, and a diffuse and strong positivity for PRAME.

In an electrochemical culture-plate format, the resulting sensor supports real-time, in situ glycophenotyping of melanoma cells, achieving quantitative agreement to a conventional, end point, lectin microarray. This glycocalyx-mimetic transducer thus enables the rapid, label-free screening of lectin-glycan interactions and the profiling of diagnostically relevant, tumor-associated glycans.

Recognition of such fusions is essential to avoid misinterpretation, particularly as fusion detection increasingly informs diagnosis and clinical decision-making. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating molecular results with established clinicopathologic frameworks.

Definitive diagnosis was achieved following wide surgical excision, with histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirming MM (strongly positive for S100, Melan-A, and SOX10). This case highlights that MM must be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical cystic soft tissue lesions, even in anatomically unexpected locations, especially in patients with predisposing conditions such as NF-1 and affirms the indispensable integration of multimodality imaging with histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation in resolving diagnostically challenging soft tissue masses.

Single-cell RNA sequencing illustrated the cellular distribution of model genes, and functional experiments demonstrated that XCL2 suppresses melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study develops and validates a cuproptosis-immune integrated prognostic signature for SKCM, providing a framework to link cuproptosis-associated biology with immune microenvironmental features, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic decision-making.

P=N/A, N=0, Withdrawn, Grit Biotechnology | N=16 --> 0 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn

P1/2, N=111, Not yet recruiting, VM Discovery, Inc.

P=N/A, N=50, Recruiting, Medical University of Graz

P1, N=83, Active, not recruiting, HiFiBiO Therapeutics | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

NP at its IC50 concentration showed a stronger ability to increase the apoptotic cell rate, inhibit cancer cell migration, suppress cancer cell growth through G1-phase arrest, and increase radioprotective effects in the normal cell line, while also increasing radiosensitivity in the cancer cell line compared with PE. NP demonstrated better and more effective activity against A-375 melanoma cells than PE.