metformin

P=N/A, N=1, Terminated, Aalborg University Hospital | N=20 --> 1 | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Jul 2025 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Jul 2025; Due to recruitment issues.

To investigate the effects of liver failure on retina BCRP function and expression, we used bile duct ligation (BDL) rats as an animal model, and the BCRP function and BRB integrity were evaluated via retinal prazosin/sulfasalazine distribution and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran permeability using total 18 BDL and 18 sham rats (n = 6 per group), respectively...In vitro, NH4Cl significantly downregulated the expression of BCRP, JNK, and p-JNK protein, which were attenuated by JNK activator, metformin...SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Bile duct ligation-induced ammonia and bilirubin accumulation downregulated retinal breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression and function. Ammonia impaired the expression of BCRP by inactivating the JNK pathway, while bilirubin suppressed BCRP expression through activating the ROS-ERK1/2 pathway.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor, and temozolomide is the first-line alkylating agent utilized as a chemotherapeutic treatment...Here, we established stable MDR1-overexpressing GBM cells and demonstrated their functional involvement in drug efflux by decreased intracellular doxorubicin accumulation and increased cell viability...The annexin V staining showed increased apoptotic cell populations upon metformin treatment, supporting the association between mitochondrial metabolism and intracellular drug accumulation. Overall, this study suggests that mitochondrial metabolism is a bioenergetic driver of MDR1 activity, and it could be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming MDR1-mediated drug resistance in GBM.

P2, N=36, Not yet recruiting, Fayoum University

P1, N=45, Not yet recruiting, Duke University | Initiation date: Mar 2026 --> Sep 2026

Furthermore, the synergistic potential of these terpenoids when combined with conventional agents such as metformin and cisplatin underscores a significant translational opportunity to improve efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Ultimately, by targeting the shared PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, these dual-function agents restore glucose homeostasis while suppressing tumor glycolysis. This integrated mechanistic approach supports a promising, yet underexplored, combination therapy strategy that warrants further translational investigation.

Epigenetic regulation, the unique gut microbiome role in contributing to obesity, environmental factors, and the social context of a child can precipitation of childhood obesity. In this review, we hope to explore the different medications for obesity, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, setmelanotide, metreleptin, naltrexone, lorcaserin, phentermine, metformin, fluoxetine, lisdexamfetamine, and zonisamide, while also reviewing surgeries such as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic or vertical sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding.

Overall, we present a molecular targeting strategy for meningiomas that could pave the way for less invasive clinical management of these tumours and, as a result, help reduce patient mortality and morbidity. Metformin and sulforaphane both have FDA and EU pharmaceutical approval and thus could be repurposed promptly to establish a new meningioma therapy regimen.

P1/2, N=60, Completed, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=203, Completed, Northwestern University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=28, Suspended, AstraZeneca AB | Recruiting --> Suspended

P2, N=30, Recruiting, University of Kansas Medical Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting