methotrexate

P2, N=90, Not yet recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network

The control group received oral methotrexate (10 mg/week) combined with folic acid (10 mg/week)...Its mechanism involves suppressing key inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-17A, thereby activating and regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This modulates serum levels of OPG and β-CTX, leading to systemic improvement in bone metabolic balance and exerting a multi-target therapeutic effect.

In 2022, acitretin was commenced and uptitrated to 25 mg once daily...Other immunosuppressive agents, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and azathioprine, have been described in the literature with varying efficacy...Naltrexone is postulated to work due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is a well-tolerated treatment for severe HHD that has drastically improved both our patient's skin and his quality of life.

P2, N=25, Recruiting, University of Chicago | Suspended --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028

While HPE treatment with MTX improved body weight, biochemical, ultrastructural and biophysical changes comparing to the MTX group. Human placental extract can reduce MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through boosting oxidative stress/anti-oxidant balance as it is rich with essential elements.

P2/3, N=132, Not yet recruiting, Singapore General Hospital

Among the pharmacogenetic factors influencing toxicity of commonly used B-ALL treatments, variants in the TPMT and NUDT15 genes, both involved in the metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine, represent the most robust and clinically validated predictors. Emerging evidence also links additional genetic variants to toxicities associated with other key agents used in ALL treatment regimens, including variants in SLCO1B1 associated with methotrexate-related gastrointestinal toxicity and variants in CEP72 associated with vincristine-induced neuropathy. The integration of pharmacogenomic biomarkers into clinical protocols, enabling genotype-guided dose adjustment, may represent a valuable strategy to avoid toxicity and improve overall cancer outcomes. However, further studies and innovative approaches are required to validate emerging biomarkers and facilitate their translation into routine clinical practice.

Traditional IT agents such as methotrexate or cytarabine were generally associated with modest survival outcomes, whereas more recent studies evaluating IT pemetrexed and molecularly guided regimens reported longer survival in selected cohorts, particularly in EGFR-mutant NSCLC-LM. Ommaya reservoir-based delivery may offer practical advantages for repeated treatment and CSF monitoring in appropriately selected patients, with acceptable toxicity and manageable device-related risks. Emerging data on pemetrexed-based intrathecal regimens and other molecularly informed approaches suggest potential benefit in selected subgroups, but prospective, multicenter, mutation-stratified studies are needed to refine patient selection, optimize dosing strategies, and define the comparative role of different intrathecal delivery routes.

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of primary gastrointestinal ENKL in patients presenting with abdominal pain and hematochezia in the absence of computed tomography (CT) abnormalities. Persistent unexplained abdominal pain should prompt consideration of rare ulcerative small bowel diseases, including ENKL, particularly when perforation is a potential complication. Early multidisciplinary intervention is essential to improve the outcomes of this devastating condition.

The current standard of care for induction treatment is based on high-dose methotrexate as the central component, followed by consolidating high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in eligible patients...Given the significant prognostic and therapeutic implications of the immune microenvironment, its impact should be reflected and validated in future standard risk stratifications. Integrating validated immune biomarkers with emerging immunotherapeutic strategies has the potential not only to improve individual patient outcomes but also to optimize the overall structure of care for patients with PCNSL.

CAR ameliorates MTX-induced adverse effects in the testes of rats via controlling redox balance, NO/cGMP signaling, inflammation, and steroidogenesis, with the potential of CAR to be used as a treatment to protect male reproductive function during therapy with MTX.

Doxorubicin-loaded autologous exosomes reduced A549 viability to 40.5 ± 2.0% at 200 µg/mL, compared to 64.5 ± 8.1% with heterologous exosomes, with similar trends for methotrexate and paclitaxel. Proteomic analysis revealed a shared core proteome with distinct cell-specific signatures. These findings highlight the superior delivery efficiency of autologous exosomes as precision nanocarriers.