Advancements of investigational agents for cancer cachexia: what clinical progress have we seen in the last 5 years? (PubMed, Expert Opin Investig Drugs)
This review covers key investigational therapies developed over the past five years, with a focus on agents targeting Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), including ponsegromab, AV-380, and NGM120. Additional agents include ghrelin receptor agonists (e.g. anamorelin), anabolic/catabolic modulators (ACM-001), and cannabinoids (ART27.13). The evolving role of low-dose olanzapine is also discussed in the 2023 ASCO guideline update...The lack of standardized endpoints, heterogeneity of the syndrome, and absence of FDA-approved treatments remain major barriers to treatment implementation. Multimodal strategies combining pharmacological treatment with nutritional and rehabilitative support are likely to define future therapeutic success.