PCA3 (Prostate cancer associated 3)

LINC01949 suppresses rituximab resistance in DLBCL by promoting H3K27me3-dependent silencing of ONECUT2. These findings highlight the LINC01949-H3K27me3-ONECUT2 axis as a key epigenetic pathway and suggest potential targets to overcome resistance in DLBCL.

This study is the first to explore nisin's anticancer effects in prostate cancer, uniquely targeting PCA3 lncRNA and its downstream regulatory pathways. Nisin demonstrates potent anticancer effects in prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle progression, and modulating the PCA3 lncRNA network, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent.

They can be used alone or in combination with blood PSA and/or semen citric acid levels to improve the diagnosis of PCa and assess its severity and disease progression with high accuracy. This strategy would allow a more comprehensive assessment, increase prognostic accuracy, and facilitate accurate clinical decision-making in the management of PCa.

The T2WI and DWI radiomics model, when combined with novel biomarkers, enhances the accuracy of distinguishing PCa, BPH, and prostatitis. This approach may provide an advanced diagnostic tool for personalised prostate disease management.

Therapeutic approaches-antagomirs, sponges, miRNA masks, and CRISPR editing-show preclinical promise, while chemical modifications [peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), C2' modifications] improve stability and delivery but remain limited by biodistribution, tissue penetration, off-target effects, and immunogenicity. In conclusion, standardized workflows and multicenter validation, integrated with clinical and imaging data, are essential to translate miRNA-based tools into precision PC management.

The proposed sensor effectively recognized PCA3 biomarkers in real urine amidst various interferents. In the future, the sensing platform could improve the prognosis of the disease by enabling early-stage identification.

Integrating these technologies into personalized treatment plans and the broader framework of precision medicine allows for an in-depth exploration of the relationship between specific biomarkers and disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current research on radiomics, genomics, and biomarkers in PCa, and discusses their future potential and applications in advancing individualized patient care.

This urine-based biomarker panel offers a promising sensitive and specific noninvasive diagnostic for PCa with the potential to form the basis for laboratory-developed and in vitro diagnostic assays.

Current evidence supports the multidisciplinary integration of these biomarkers to overcome the limitations of PSA, improve biopsy decision-making, better distinguish indolent from aggressive tumors, and optimize therapeutic strategies. Finally, future research directions aimed at validating and incorporating emerging biomarkers into clinical practice are outlined, with the goal of improving outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer.

Incorporating multiple biomarkers, including the fPSA/tPSA ratio, PHI, PCA3, and TMPRSS2-ERG, presents a more accurate and patient-friendly approach to diagnosing PSA gray-zone prostate cancer.This multi-marker strategy enhances diagnostic precision, reduces biopsy rates, and supports the early detection of aggressive disease forms, representing a significant step forward in prostate cancer management and prognosis.

The study's findings suggest that pDNA/polybia-MP1 has the potential to significantly alter gene transcription in cancer cells, particularly concerning lncRNAs engaged in cell apoptotic pathways. The pDNA/polybia-MP1 compound, with its potent anticancer properties, has the capacity to induce apoptosis in cells, thereby offering a promising avenue for cancer treatment.

These findings suggest that urinary exosomal FAM153C-RPL19 is a promising noninvasive biomarker for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification, with higher specificity and sensitivity than PSA, particularly in the diagnostic gray zone. Its strong correlation with disease progression and prognosis further supports its potential clinical utility in liquid biopsy-based PCa screening.