PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1)

NRAV is upregulated in HCC and is associated with unfavorable prognosis, adverse clinicopathological features, and immune-related transcriptional patterns. NRAV may represent a candidate biomarker for risk assessment and warrants further mechanistic and translational investigation.

P2, N=52, Not yet recruiting, Montefiore Medical Center | Trial completion date: Oct 2028 --> Feb 2029 | Initiation date: May 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Apr 2028

P=N/A, N=68, Active, not recruiting, Mayo Clinic | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2028

Immunotherapy showed substantial benefits in improving pCR rates in both TNBC and HR+HER2- patients when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially in lymph node-positive breast cancer patients.

Combined stratification identified the longest PFS in high PD-L1 expression and low PD-1+CD8+ T cell infiltration (8.8 months) and the shortest in low PD-L1 and high PD-1+CD8+ T cell infiltration (3.5 months), supporting PD-1+CD8+ T cell infiltration might as a complementary biomarker to PD-L1. For OS, intratumoral CD8+ T cell density (HR 0.896; p = 0.011), clinical stage (HR 1.570; p = 0.025), and BMI (HR 0.935; p = 0.015) were independent factors.

PD-L1 expression may be associated with tumor grade in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. However, its clinical significance remains unclear. These findings may be relevant in the context of fertility- preserving management and require further investigation.

Our findings support previous reports on the immune-privileged status of BCC. Contrary to the literature, we could not confirm PD-L1 expression on BCC cells, but rather on the intra- and peritumoral immune cells. Given these results and the literature suggesting a tendency of higher immunoreactivity compared to other BCC subtypes, basosquamous BCC might be a better target for anti-PD-1 therapy as opposed to other subtypes.

Elevated pre-treatment levels of CRP and monocytes were significantly associated with the subsequent ILD development in patients treated with ICIs. These findings underscore the importance of close monitoring for pulmonary toxicity in patients with elevated CRP and monocyte counts before initiating ICI therapy.

P=N/A, N=96, Recruiting, Tang-Du Hospital | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027

Neoadjuvant nivolumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrates favorable pharmacological efficacy, manageable toxicity and biomarker-driven therapeutic response in resectable NSCLC under real-world clinical conditions. These findings support the role of personalized immunopharmacotherapy and reinforce the clinical relevance of biomarker-guided drug selection in modern pharmaceutical oncology.

P2/3, N=120, Not yet recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University

P2, N=120, Recruiting, Pfizer | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting