There is only one other case that has been documented of a β-hCG-producing GCTBoccurring in the base of the skull with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes.This appears to be the first reported instance of β-hCG-secreting GCTB in the gnathicbones. This case exemplifies the diagnostic challenges of rare presentations of GCTBand alerts clinicians to the potential misleading presentation of hormone expression.

Therefore, expert consensus suggests initiating bisphosphonate treatment after denosumab discontinuation, even though there is no an optimal bisphosphonate regimen. There are numerous open research questions which future prospective studies will have to answer in order to personalize the most appropriate antiresorptive therapy for each patient.

P4, N=200, Recruiting, University Hospital, Toulouse | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2030 --> Oct 2030 | Initiation date: Mar 2025 --> Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2030 --> Oct 2030

Clinical sessions emphasized the evolution of bone-targeted treatments such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and radiopharmaceuticals, alongside predictive biomarkers to guide personalized care...Collectively, the 2024 CABS Annual Conference captured a transformative moment in the field-where mechanistic discoveries, advanced modeling, and translational collaboration converge to improve outcomes for patients with skeletal malignancies. As CABS looks ahead to the 2026 meeting in Tampa, Florida, the Society remains steadfast in fostering global partnerships and advancing integrative approaches to conquer cancer in bone.

P1, N=207, Completed, Enzene Biosciences Ltd. | Recruiting --> Completed

P4, N=90, Recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital

None malignant transformations occurred following denosumab or radiotherapy...SM-GCTB and osteosarcoma arise from benign GCTB but differ in morphology and prognosis. Because malignant transformation is exceptionally rare and symptomatic, a patient-centered, symptom-driven follow-up strategy is preferred over routine lifelong radiologic surveillance.

P4, N=44, Recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital

This study confirms literature data about the use of denosumab in inoperable GCRTB. These results are preliminary; further studies are necessary on a larger series of cases, with a longer follow-up (3-5 years), with data collection even from other pediatric centers.

P4, N=40, Recruiting, Aarhus University Hospital

Denosumab facilitates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the interior of LC-BoM tissues. Based on this mechanism, we observed in both clinical cohorts and preclinical models that RANKL inhibitor can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating LC-BoM.

Management included repeat resection and denosumab therapy, achieving radiographic stability with preservation of vision in the right eye, although the optic nerve of the left eye remained atrophic. Given the diagnostic overlap between GCTB and ABC, the authors emphasize the importance of genetic testing for accurate and early diagnosis to enable timely treatment and reduce the risk of recurrence.