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    BIOMARKER:

    RET mutation

    i
    Other names: RET, Ret Proto-Oncogene, Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Receptor Ret, Cadherin-Related Family Member 16, Rearranged During Transfection, RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Cadherin Family Member 12, Proto-Oncogene C-Ret, CDHF12, CDHR16, PTC, Ret Proto-Oncogene (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia And Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 1, Hirschsprung Disease), Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia And Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 1, Hirschsprung Disease 1, RET-ELE1, HSCR1, MEN2A, MEN2B, RET51, MTC1
    Entrez ID:
    5979
    Related biomarkers:
    Expression
    Mutation
    CNA
    Fusion
    Others
    Related tests:
    2d
    Firmonertinib for Adjuvant Therapy in Completely Resected Stage IA EGFR-Mutated NSCLC (ChiCTR2600121611)
    P4, N=535, Recruiting, Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Peking Union Medical College Hospital
    New P4 trial • Real-world evidence
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • NTRK3 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3) • NTRK2 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1) • FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) • NRG1 (Neuregulin 1) • BRCA (Breast cancer early onset)
    |
    TP53 mutation • BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF V600 • HER-2 mutation • ALK positive • RET fusion • ALK fusion • FGFR mutation • RET mutation • ROS1 fusion • MET mutation • RB1 mutation • NRG1 fusion • KRAS G12 • BRCA mutation
    |
    Ivesa (firmonertinib)
    3d
    Coexistence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Bilateral Pheochromocytoma in MEN2A Syndrome: Atypical Presentation and Clinical Insights From a Case Report. (PubMed, Clin Case Rep)
    This case highlights that high-risk RET mutations must dictate surgical management regardless of benign cytology. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of lifelong surveillance for late adrenal recurrences presenting as hypertensive crises.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation
    4d
    Postoperative risk stratification using calcitonin doubling rate in medullary thyroid carcinoma with biochemical persistent disease. (PubMed, Surgery)
    Dynamic assessment of postoperative calcitonin kinetics enables meaningful stratification of recurrence risk among patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and biochemical persistent disease. Incorporation of calcitonin-based growth kinetics may support more individualized postoperative surveillance strategies.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation
    10d
    NAPISTAR1-01: FiH Study to Investigate Safety, PK and Efficacy of the NaPi2b ADC TUB-040 in Patients With PROC or r/r Adenocarcinoma NSCLC (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=174, Recruiting, Tubulis GmbH | N=120 --> 174
    Enrollment change • Platinum resistant • First-in-human
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS) • FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha ) • SLC34A2 (Solute carrier family 34 member 2) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
    |
    BRAF V600E • EGFR mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF V600 • RET fusion • MET exon 14 mutation • ALK mutation • RET mutation • ROS1 fusion • MET mutation • KRAS G12 • NTRK fusion
    11d
    RET Signaling Pathway in Human Cancer: Oncogenic Mechanisms, Selective Inhibitors, and Emerging Resistance Strategies. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
    Early multi-kinase inhibitors such as vandetanib and cabozantinib demonstrated modest efficacy with significant toxicity, whereas the selective RET inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib have achieved improved response rates and tolerability...Nonetheless, resistance, driven by secondary mutations and bypass signaling, presents a major therapeutic challenge. Ongoing development of next-generation inhibitors and combination strategies aims to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.
    Review • Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    EGFR mutation • RET mutation • MET mutation
    |
    Cabometyx (cabozantinib tablet) • Retevmo (selpercatinib) • Gavreto (pralsetinib) • Caprelsa (vandetanib)
    11d
    Deciphering RTK-RAS and MAPK Pathway Dependencies in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Through Conversational Artificial Intelligence. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
    These findings reveal age- and treatment-dependent pathway dependencies beyond canonical KRAS status and support a precision oncology framework in PDAC. Conversational AI facilitated rapid, multidimensional clinical-genomic integration to uncover clinically relevant signaling substructures.
    Journal
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • HER-2 mutation • RET mutation
    |
    gemcitabine
    11d
    Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Without Identifiable Primary Tumor Within the Thyroid Gland, Presenting with Initial Lymph Node Metastasis Followed by Distant Peritoneal Metastasis: A Case Report of a Rare Phenomenon. (PubMed, J Clin Med)
    Despite vandetanib treatment, the disease progressed and the patient expired. This case highlights a rare presentation of a metastatic neoplasm highly suggestive of RET wild-type MTC with peritoneal involvement, despite the absence of an identifiable primary lesion.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • SYP (Synaptophysin)
    |
    RET mutation • HRAS mutation
    |
    Caprelsa (vandetanib)
    14d
    The clinical consequences of diagnostic delay in sporadic pediatric MEN2B: a case series of 6 children. (PubMed, Eur J Pediatr)
    Children with MEN2B demonstrate a highly characteristic and complete phenotypic spectrum. However, diagnostic delay in children with sporadic MEN2B is common, often leading to lymph node metastasis at diagnosis. Enhancing awareness of its distinctive features among relevant specialists and establishing efficient multidisciplinary team-based recognition and referral pathways are crucial for achieving early genetic diagnosis, enabling timely prophylactic surgery, and ultimately improving long-term outcomes.
    Retrospective data • Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation • RET M918T
    19d
    Sarcoidosis-Induced Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) Syndrome Harboring the C609Y REarranged During Transfection (RET) Mutation. (PubMed, AACE Endocrinol Diabetes)
    Patient was managed acutely with calcitonin and was started on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. The co-occurrence of both MEN 2A and sarcoidosis is rare, adding an unexpected layer of complexity to the diagnosis. The rarity of sarcoidosis co-occurring with MEN 2A highlights the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis, even in patients with known genetic syndromes, to ensure accurate management.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation
    |
    prednisone • hydroxychloroquine
    23d
    Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Caused by Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein-Secreting Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report. (PubMed, Surg Case Rep)
    Herein, we present a rare case of MTC that caused hypercalcemia via PTHrP production. Although HHM is uncommon in thyroid cancer, the condition can cause severe hypercalcemia requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. HHM should be considered in patients with thyroid cancer with hypercalcemia, and PTHrP measurement may aid in the diagnosis.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5) • PTHLH (Parathyroid Hormone Like Hormone)
    |
    RET mutation
    |
    zoledronic acid
    24d
    Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B (MEN 2B) With RET M918T Mutation: Challenges in Long-Term Management and Targeted Therapy. (PubMed, Cureus)
    Upon re-evaluation one year later, imaging revealed recurrent paratracheal, pulmonary, hepatic, and possible adrenal metastases, prompting re-initiation of selpercatinib at a reduced dose, which she tolerated and continues to this day with surveillance of symptoms, serial electrocardiograms, laboratory work, and imaging. This case illustrates the aggressive course of RET M918T-mutated MEN2B and underscores the importance of early genetic diagnosis, vigilant surveillance, and continuity of selective RET inhibitor therapy to optimize disease control.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation • RET M918T
    |
    Retevmo (selpercatinib)
    27d
    Discovery of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives as potent RET inhibitors for the treatment of human thyroid and lung Cancer. (PubMed, Bioorg Med Chem Lett)
    In addition, 9 exhibited remarkable antitumor activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, indicating that it completely hindered the growth of tumors induced by BAF3-KIF3B-RET-WT xenografts. In summary, 9 can be demonstrated to act as a potential RET inhibitor, as well as a treatment for RET-related cancers.
    Journal
    |
    RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene)
    |
    RET mutation • RET V804*