Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

Differentiating benign intra-articular tumors from SAH remains difficult, particularly among younger and female patient populations with acute presentations of TGCT which, as observed in the present study, may be explained by histopathologic evidence of tumor pedicle torsion and resultant necrosis. MRI can be valuable in identifying intra-articular lesions given that clinical and laboratory findings are frequently equivocal. The proposed diagnostic algorithm offers a framework for identifying cases where preoperative MRI may be beneficial, though it requires validation in larger studies.

Ferroptosis, immune, and proliferation markers differ significantly between TGCT subtypes and recurrence status. The ACSL4+CD8 signature shows excellent potential for subtype differentiation, while the Ki-67+CSF1R+tumor diameter index is a strong recurrence predictor. These exploratory findings support targeted biomarker use in TGCT management, though external validation in larger, prospective cohorts is required.

An arthroscopic examination revealed numerous white synovial, chondromate-like tissues under the articular capsule, and D-TGCT was diagnosed based on the histopathological results. One year after the surgery, the patient had good functional recovery and no tumor recurrence.

P2/3, N=100, Recruiting, Synox Therapeutics Limited | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

Our case emphasises that intra-articular NF is a rare entity that can mimic more common intra-articular tumours. The detection of USP6 on histopathological analysis allows accurate diagnosis and treatment.

P2, N=20, Recruiting, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Nantes University Hospital

P2, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Although representing just 5% of all identified factors, these appeared in 69% of the included studies, highlighting their prominence in the literature. Apart from the well-known osteoclastogenesis factor CSF1, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and monocyte-macrophage lineage makers (CD68, CD163) are signalling pathways key to TGCT disease progression and associated bone destruction.

P3, N=123, Active, not recruiting, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jul 2028

P3, N=128, Active, not recruiting, SynOx Therapeutics Limited | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Dec 2025

The following ten drugs received FDA approval in 2025 - avutometinib (inhibiting MEK1/2 in serous ovarian carcinomas), defactinib (blocking FAK in low grade serous ovarian carcinomas), delgocitinib (antagonizing the JAK family in hand eczema), mirdametinib (inhibiting MEK1/2 in type I neurofibromatosis), remibrutinib (blocking BTK in chronic spontaneous urticaria), rilzabrutinib (antagonizing BTK in chronic immune thrombocytopenia), sunvozertinib (blocking mutant exon 21 insertion EGFR NSCLC), taletrectinib (inhibiting mutant ROS1 in NSCLC), vimseltinib (blocking CSF1R in tenosynovial giant cell tumors), and zongertinib (antagonizing mutant HER2 in NSCLC). This article summarizes the physicochemical properties of all 94 FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors including the molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, ligand efficiency, lipophilic efficiency, polar surface area, and solubility. A total of 45 of the 94 FDA-approved drugs have a least one Lipinski rule of five violation.