However, some studies, particularly in colorectal and gastric cancers, have reported that MSI-L correlates with distinct clinical and molecular features, including poorer prognosis, increased tumour mutational burden (TMB) following chemotherapy, and better response to platinum/5-fluorouracil-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy...Moreover, recent data provide initial evidence that MSI-L may be associated with subtle alterations of genes involved in DNA damage tolerance pathways. This review aims to clarify the current understanding of MSI-L by (a) comparing diagnostic methods and their influence on MSI-L classification, (b) summarizing clinical and molecular associations of MSI-L specifically in gastric and colorectal cancer, (c) highlighting new aspects regarding potential mechanisms underlying MSI-L, focusing on the particular unstable marker and a possible role of the DNA damage tolerance pathways, and (d) discussing whether MSI-L, particularly defined by dinucleotide repeat instability, may serve as a marker for therapeutic vulnerability.

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), an aggressive head and neck cancer with dismal prognosis, faces persistent chemoresistance to standard TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) regimen. Mechanistically, bioinformatics and in vitro coculture data reveal that ZNF683+ NK cells directly interact with CD8+ T cells, and drive an MHC-I-dependent licensing of polyfunctional GZMK+CD8+ effector memory T cells. Collectively, this NK-CD8+ axis provides a potential predictive biomarker and therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in patients with HPSCC.

Background: The DPYD gene encodes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme essential for metabolising chemotherapeutic agents such as capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and tegafur. No significant differences in DPYD testing rates were observed across socioeconomic groups or between ethnic backgrounds within our cohort. DPYD variants were prevalent in 7% of the cohort, and testing access was not influenced by socioeconomic status.

These 2 cases suggest that reintroducing paclitaxel in its novel polymeric micellar formulation, pm-Pac, within a combination regimen may overcome prior resistance and provide meaningful disease control in heavily pretreated R/M HNSCC patients. This approach represents a potentially viable salvage strategy, warranting further clinical investigation to confirm its efficacy and optimal integration into the treatment sequence for refractory HNSCC.

Changes in the percentage of CD4+ cells and CD16/56+ cells under depression were moderated by 5-HTTLPR alleles among CRC patients undergoing FOLFOX chemotherapy, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. Further research on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the immune system under depression among CRC patients is warranted.

Early initiation of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy can improve the PFS in early-stage TNBC patients, especially for patients with T2 stage, with manageable safety.

Although current research remains exploratory, lncRNAs show significant promise as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future personalized strategies intergrating lncRNA profiles could help overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes.

Moreover, SULF1 silencing enhances sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. In conclusion, targeting SULF1 and its regulatory network may provide new therapeutic strategies for CC.

Zolbetuximab-based chemotherapy followed by conversion surgery is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with CLDN-positive advanced gastric cancer.

The combination of IT via Ommaya reservoir and WBRT may result in better survival in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with LM and represents a promising treatment strategy for this patient population.

The patient underwent chemoradiotherapy consisting of 60 Gy in 30 fractions combined with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel...Histopathological evaluation revealed no viable cancer cells, showing only post-treatment changes, consistent with a pathological complete response(Grade 4). The postoperative course was uneventful, and at 6 months post-adrenalectomy, the patient remains recurrence-free without further adjuvant therapy.

As adjuvant chemotherapy, 2 courses of capecitabine and 3 courses of UFT/LV were administered...Based on these findings, surgical resection of the abdominal wall tumor was performed, and complete resection was achieved. Based on histopathological findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a port site recurrence originating from the primary transverse colon cancer.