Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

P=N/A, N=142, Not yet recruiting, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Apr 2029 --> Aug 2029 | Initiation date: Apr 2026 --> Aug 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2029 --> Aug 2029

Despite I-131 treatment, she succumbed to death 6 months post-diagnosis. The index case highlights the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology and the application of immunocytochemistry on cell blocks changing the norms for diagnosing carcinomas with an unknown primary.

P=N/A, N=5, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027

To fully realize the potential of miRNAs in thyroid cancer diagnostics, further research involving larger sample sizes and diverse tissue types is needed. Such efforts could pave the way for their integration into routine clinical practice and open new avenues for targeted therapies.

This case highlights the value of WBS and FDG-PET in detecting occult metastases in patients with persistent SrTg elevation. It also demonstrates that combining liver metastasectomy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (lenvatinib) may improve outcomes in selected patients with DTC and liver metastasis.

Primary colonic EBV+iFDCS is a distinct, low-grade malignant neoplasm that typically presents as polyp or polypoid lesion. Its hallmark histologic features include a characteristic arrangement of vessels and SLFs in a prominent lymphocytic background. The tumor exhibits a dual immunophenotype, expressing markers of both FDCs and follicular reticular cells. Because the disease follows an indolent clinical course with a favorable prognosis, accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid overtreatment.

They should not be interpreted as isolated lesion-specific markers. Rather, their diagnostic significance lies in the integration of molecular findings with lesion type, cytomorphology, histology, patient age, and clinical context, including the selective recognition of cases in which constitutional DICER1-related tumor predisposition should be considered.

The P53 mutant immunophenotype may be an important immunological marker for the transformation of follicular thyroid carcinoma to high grade. The appearance of the shoe-peg morphology and increased Ki-67 proliferation index in the background of BRAF V600E mutation may be an important factor for the high-grade transformation of papillary carcinoma; The diagnosis of HGDTC should strictly follow the 2022 WHO standards, and an integrated diagnostic approach using histological morphology + immunohistochemistry + molecular detection can provide a basis for the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and individualized treatment of HGDTC.

Increased awareness of their unique characteristics is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management. Further studies are needed to clarify their clinical behavior and outcomes.

This case highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation in pediatric thyroid nodules, particularly when hyperfunction coexists with indeterminate or suspicious imaging features. Follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms showing papillary architecture pose diagnostic challenges in children, and molecular analysis may assist risk stratification and elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms linking autonomous function and malignant transformation.

These findings support POU4F3's diagnostic value in distinguishing benign follicular tumors from malignant histopathologic mimics.

TIR3A and TIR3B nodules exhibit markedly different malignant potential and should not be managed as a homogeneous group. NIFTP significantly modifies malignancy risk estimates and represents an important source of potential overtreatment. Integration of cytological subclassification with ultrasound and molecular findings improves preoperative risk stratification and supports personalized management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.