Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

P4, N=50, Completed, Eisai Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd | Trial completion date: Apr 2025 --> Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 --> Sep 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Feb 2027

Co-occurring genetic alterations with RAS mutations markedly increased the risk of malignancy compared with isolated RAS mutations (Fisher's exact test, two-tailed p = 0.0026) and were associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes, whereas isolated RAS mutations were more common in indolent neoplasms. Comprehensive molecular profiling is essential for accurate risk stratification and management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

P2, N=11, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary | Trial completion date: Nov 2026 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> May 2025

Strong CD10 positivity was also seen in 97 cases (90.6%). Our study shows that anaplastic carcinoma has the potential for simulating a large variety of tumors and underscores the difficulties for making the diagnosis using immunohistochemistry; cytokeratins, PAX8 and TTF1 were of limited utility and showed inconsistent results emphasizing the importance of clinicopathologic correlation for the diagnosis.

Two diagnostic strategies are proposed: a sequential single-gene approach, typically beginning with BRAF testing, or comprehensive profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Multidisciplinary molecular tumour boards are strongly recommended to integrate histological, molecular, and clinical information for personalised treatment decisions.

This case highlights the cytologic and histologic complexity of diagnosing malignant follicular tumors in cats. The presence of abundant myxoid-like mucin-rich stroma may be associated with aggressive biological behavior. Malignant trichoepithelioma should remain a differential diagnosis for basaloid epithelial neoplasms in cats, even in the absence of cytologic evidence of keratinization. This report adds to the limited literature on feline malignant follicular tumors and emphasizes the need for further investigation into their diagnostic criteria and biological behavior.

P=N/A, N=94, Recruiting, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | N=55 --> 94

The NPF gene set and classification model refine TC classification, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enable better risk stratification. These advancements offer a foundation for personalized therapeutic strategies in TC management.

RAS mutations were detected in 8.8%, 34.3%, and 21.7% of the tumor samples in groups A, B, and C, respectively, whereas BRAF mutations were present in 43.5% of the tumor samples in group C only. These findings suggest the presence of two distinct tumor subsets within NIFTP-NS3, underscoring the need for routine molecular diagnostics in NIFTP-NS3 to facilitate appropriate clinical management.

This report suggests that RET variants in MEN2A patients from the Chinese population may differ from the common RET variants. Additionally, MEN2A patients may present with thyroid follicular epithelial-derived tumors; however, further studies are necessary to determine any potential associations with RET variants.