Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

This approach has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce unnecessary surgical interventions, and enhance patient outcomes. Future research should focus on standardizing procedures and conducting large-scale validation studies.

This case highlights the consideration of functioning metastases in persistent post-thyroidectomy thyrotoxicosis and demonstrates the potential effectiveness of RAI therapy when metastatic lesions retain iodine avidity. Oncogenic mutations such as HRAS may contribute to the pathophysiology of hormone-producing metastases and provide insights into tumor differentiation and therapeutic responsiveness.

P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital

P=N/A, N=142, Not yet recruiting, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

P=N/A, N=103, Active, not recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2024 --> Apr 2026

P=N/A, N=50, Active, not recruiting, National Taiwan University Hospital | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Apr 2026

Advanced age patients with FTC and positive TERT and RAS mutations require vigilant management. Currently, radiomics texture analysis has limited value for metastasis prediction.

It is suggested that primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of thyroid, as an extremely rare tumor, have no characteristic clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examinations, and the diagnosis mainly depend on its unique clinical pathological features. Although extensive surgical resection is the preferred treatment, the prognosis is still very poor.

RET activation is a complex process involving multiple intracellular events, including calcium ion binding, glial cell line‑derived neurotrophic factor family ligand binding, and RET receptor aggregation, dimerization and autophosphorylation. The present study reviews the structure and function of the RET proto‑oncogene and its pathogenic roles in various TC subtypes.

Distinguishing FA with HTT-like morphology from genuine HTT might have therapeutic and prognostic (follow-up) implications, based on the benign nature of the former and the low-risk biology of the latter. However, the full biological spectrum of this FA subtype and its genetic background need more delineation in larger future studies with long follow-up.

This study shows that DMDTCs are characterized by dysregulated phosphorylation signalling, accompanied by chromosomal instability and aberrant methylation, thus underscoring DDR gene-targeted therapy as a promising strategy.

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of perianal BCC mimicking benign lesions and emphasizes the need for histopathological confirmation. Follicular differentiation is exceptionally uncommon and should be distinguished from adnexal tumors such as trichoblastic carcinoma.