Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

Study limitations include its retrospective design, single-centre setting, and lack of inter-observer variability assessment. A risk-adapted multimodal surveillance strategy with 6-monthly US for two years is recommended.

An additional unique feature was an area demonstrating a "mixed" C-cell/thyroid follicular epithelial phenotype. In this review we review the possible etiologies of calcitonin-negative MTC, the possibility of a neoplastic sequential progression from ultimobranchial bodies to CCH/MMC to medullary thyroid carcinoma with the individual elements (UBB, CCH/MMC, MTC) demonstrated in this thyroid, and previous postulations that ultimobranchial bodies may be the source of some follicular thyroid cancers, medullary thyroid cancers, and mixed tumors of medullary and follicular epithelial types.

In conclusion, we found a lower TDS in malignant compared to benign thyroid neoplasms and demonstrated the prognostic role of TDS in differentiated tumors. These findings could preoperatively improve both the differential diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate nodules and the selection of the best surgical approach.

A model combining four miRNAs (miR-6085, miR-146b-5p, miR-221, and miR-222) demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, suggesting that it could be a useful tool for differentiating FC from FA.

Furthermore, carbonic anhydrase 12 inhibitor U104 suppressed follicular thyroid carcinoma cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, and its combination with lenvatinib exerted synergistic antiproliferative effects. Collectively, these findings identified carbonic anhydrase 12 as a novel prognostic biomarker of follicular thyroid carcinoma and a promising therapeutic target.

Additionally, a FOXK1::GRHL1 fusion was found in the case of trichogerminoma. Clinical follow-up (15/16 patients; 94%; median: 65 months; range 2.5-106.5 months) showed no evidence of residual or metastatic disease.

Understanding the genetic landscape of thyroid carcinoma of follicular cells is essential to optimize clinical management and to identify molecular targets to treat cases with aggressive disease refractory to standard radioactive iodine therapy. What follows is a comprehensive and updated outline of the main somatic genetic and molecular alterations in thyroid carcinoma of follicular cells.

The study revealed that the majority of follicular thyroid cancer cases were negative for ORs, with all positive cases occurring in females of reproductive age.

C6orf15 exhibited high expression levels in the majority of IEFVPTC (66.7%), PTC tissues (86.5%), and FNAC samples (80.0%). These findings suggest that C6orf15 constitutes a promising diagnostic biomarker for the classic variant of PTC and is applicable to histopathological assessment and FNAC-based diagnosis.

In our series, in the presence of suspicious ultrasound criteria, 66% of the nodules turned out to be malignant. Although ICC is unable to help make a definitive diagnosis, it serves as a useful pathology ancillary tool in the algorithmic work-up of subcentimeter thyroid lesions.

These findings suggest that the STc of NN may be a precursor to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma arising from well-differentiated components through stepwise mutations. This case highlights the malignant potential of certain Noninvasive TFNDs and suggests the need for further analyses to clarify this hypothesis and reconsider their classification and management.

In conclusions, MSO shares histomolecular overlap with primary thyroid carcinoma, validating WHO 2022 thyroid tumor classification for risk stratification in struma ovarii. Conservative surgical management achieves excellent outcomes in low-grade cases.