Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

DSR negativity reliably identifies an indolent subgroup with negligible metastatic risk, whereas increasing desmoplasia stratifies patients into higher-risk categories. The incorporation of DSR alongside established biomarkers such as Ctn may refine surgical decision-making and may help tailor the extent of LN dissection in sporadic MTC.

Selpercatinib conferred significant PFS benefit over SoC in treatment-naïve (1L) patients with RET-mutation-positive MTC, with inconclusive results in the ≥2L setting. Matching retrospective real-world data to prospective trial data is feasible. EC arms to single-arm trials may provide evidence supporting the evaluation of comparative effectiveness.

P2, N=11, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

Success in this arena will hinge on utilitarian biomarker-based cohort selection, the discovery of fresh immunogenic epitopes, and the meticulous design of synergistic treatment combinations. The synergistic leverage of genomic, transcriptomic, and immune landscape dissection, coupled with cutting-edge engineered lymphocyte platforms and engineered oncolytic vectors, may finally position immunotherapy as an unassailable pillar of bespoke medicine for advanced thyroid carcinomas.

Our findings uncover a novel mechanism underlying TKI-induced cardiotoxicity, involving calpain-dependent degradation of cardiac myofilament proteins and independent of calcium dysregulation. This study highlights the critical role of sarcomere stability in maintaining cardiac function during TKI therapy and identifies calpain as a promising therapeutic target for cardioprotection, with calpain activation rather than calcium dysregulation being the key driver of vandetanib-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Tumors harboring these fusions respond dramatically to TRK inhibitors (e.g., larotrectinib, entrectinib, and repotrectinib), which selectively target the constitutively active fusion protein. Conclusively, this first report of three novel NTRK2 fusion transcript variants co-occurrence in an MTC patient expands the known spectrum of translocation partners in NTRK2 rearrangements. Prospective validation of their impact on TRK-targeted therapy efficacy and disease prognosis requires long-term follow-up.

Two diagnostic strategies are proposed: a sequential single-gene approach, typically beginning with BRAF testing, or comprehensive profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Multidisciplinary molecular tumour boards are strongly recommended to integrate histological, molecular, and clinical information for personalised treatment decisions.

Sensitivity was highest in small-intestinal and gastric NETs and more variable in pancreatic NETs. These results support VMAT2 as a robust, differentiation-linked neuroendocrine marker whose inclusion in modern immunohistochemical panels may improve diagnostic accuracy.

Although no single cancer fully mirrors PAH, the identification of multiple analogs underscores PAH's multidimensional complexity and confirms its overlap with oncological conditions. Cancer analogs could serve as a valuable framework for enhancing recognition of PAH's clinical, therapeutic, and HRCU implications among healthcare stakeholders.

P=N/A, N=120, Recruiting, Fujian Medical University

This report suggests that RET variants in MEN2A patients from the Chinese population may differ from the common RET variants. Additionally, MEN2A patients may present with thyroid follicular epithelial-derived tumors; however, further studies are necessary to determine any potential associations with RET variants.

Collision tumors are rare entities but thyroid collision tumors in GD are even more infrequent despite the known association between GD and differentiated thyroid cancer. The mechanisms by which this clinical entity occurs are unclear. Because it is a rare pathology, there are currently no guidelines for its treatment. Treatment must be guided separately or based on the more aggressive neoplasm.