Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

Compared with the detection of either marker alone, the combined detection of Ctn and CEA improved the diagnostic accuracy for MTC but did not enhance the PPV. The combined detection also improved the predictive accuracy for cervical and lateral lymph node metastases and disease recurrence.

Resistance to RET inhibitors can be acquired through RET copy-number gain and secondary mutations as well as NF1 loss-mediated MAPK pathway activation. This mechanism of resistance can be overcome with dual inhibition of RET and downstream RAS/MAPK signaling, demonstrating clinical potential in RET-mutant MTC.

Among cases with follow-up data (n=35), all 17 tumors with disease progression were DLL3 positive (13 RET-mutated tumors, 1 RAS-mutated tumor, and 3 RET/RAS wild-type tumors), including 5 with moderate expression and 12 with high expression. Most MTCs express DLL3; moreover, DLL3 expression is associated with lymph node metastases at diagnosis and disease progression, indicating that DLL3 may be an effective therapeutic target in MTC.

The present investigation suggests that tumor progression in MTC before clinical detection is a function of the time passed since tumor onset, whereas tumor onset is defined by the transformatory strength of the RET mutation. This notion, debunking the myth of immanent tumor 'aggressiveness' or "risk" imparted by RET mutations in favor of the concept of genetically encoded tumor onset, emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and intervention, ideally while tumors are still confined to the thyroid.

This study proposes an evidence-based imaging algorithm for radiologists according to serum markers, tracer advantages and theranostic needs. Further prospective trials, standardized SSTR thresholds and investigations of novel tracers are still required to fill existing research gaps.

P=N/A, N=51, Not yet recruiting, British Columbia Cancer Agency

B7-H3 was identified as the only consistently and strongly expressed surface antigen in a clinically heterogeneous MTC cohort. These findings identify B7-H3 as a potential therapeutic opportunity for advanced MTC and underscore the limited number of targetable surface antigens in this disease.

This case underscores the value of liquid biopsy detected mutations in guiding targeted therapy. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological findings support the potential use of selective RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this rare mutation. Serum calcitonin serves as a reliable quantitative biomarker of therapeutic efficacy.

Taken together, these findings indicate that DuP-697 is associated with time-dependent modulation of proteins involved in G₂/M regulatory signaling in TT cells. Rather than providing direct evidence of cell-cycle arrest, the results support an exploratory model in which COX-2 inhibitor exposure is accompanied by dynamic reorganization of mitotic and checkpoint-related regulatory components. Further functional studies, including direct assessment of cell-cycle distribution and mitotic progression, are required to clarify the biological consequences of these regulatory changes.

The serial monitoring of serum calcitonin and thyroglobulin levels and appropriate imaging are essential for follow-up. Owing to the rarity and complexity of these tumours, multimodal treatment should be considered.

P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

This variant has not been previously described in association with MEN2A. This case may contribute to understanding genotype-phenotype correlations in MEN2A and suggests that atypical or generalized CLA may be an early clinical clue warranting consideration of RET genetic testing.