Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

P2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Feb 2027

Co-occurring genetic alterations with RAS mutations markedly increased the risk of malignancy compared with isolated RAS mutations (Fisher's exact test, two-tailed p = 0.0026) and were associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes, whereas isolated RAS mutations were more common in indolent neoplasms. Comprehensive molecular profiling is essential for accurate risk stratification and management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

STPTC can exhibit aggressive behavior, particularly in young patients. Early diagnosis and individualized therapeutic approaches are essential to improve clinical outcomes.

P2, N=11, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

The use of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry or PAX8-GLIS3 testing on cytological specimens can aid in definitive diagnosis and prevent unnecessary surgery. Thus, an integrated approach combining cytological, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data is essential for the accurate diagnosis and optimal clinical management of HTT.

These pro-tumor effects were partially reversed by pharmacological inhibitor BEZ235 for PI3K/mTOR. In vivo validation using a mouse xenograft model confirmed that PFOS exposure promotes tumor growth and upregulates the same pathway and effector molecules. This study provides integrated clinical and experimental evidence that PFOS exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations promotes PTC progression by inducing PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated EMT and associated enzyme secretion, providing crucial experimental evidence for the toxic role of PFOS as an environmental contaminant in thyroid tumors and underscoring the urgent need for enhanced environmental health risk assessment and regulation.

Overall, TrpC5 silencing weakened cell invasion and migration and enhanced the radiosensitivity of PTC cells. These findings suggest that TrpC5 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PTC and warrant further investigation in vivo.

Mechanistic studies revealed baicalin induces autophagy via the NGFR/MAPK/mTOR axis, validated through in vitro and in vivo models. These findings position baicalin as a promising PTC therapeutic with clinical translation potential.

A patient with a history of a parathyroid adenoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and acoustic neuroma was suspected of harboring a NET based upon 2 circulating tumor nucleic acid tests that used different methodology and a positive 68gallium-dodecanetetraacetic acid-tyrosine-3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) scan corresponding to a 2.2-cm right gluteal mass, which was found to be an intramuscular hemangioma expressing somatostatin receptor 2 subtype (SSTR2) in the endothelial cells. Hemangiomas are among the most frequently reported lesions mimicking a NET and should be considered when somatostatin receptor scanning localizes an isolated lesion in an unusual anatomic area.

P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary | Trial completion date: Nov 2026 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> May 2025

P3, N=250, Recruiting, Fudan University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

A genetic evaluation identified a pathogenic GNA11 variant (c.178C > T, p.Arg60Cys), consistent with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 2 (ADH2). This case expands the understanding of ADH2 and raises important questions about optimal treatment strategies in patients with coexisting genetic and postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.