TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden)

A positive correlation was found between TIL score and TNM stage. Intermediate and high TIL scores were common in advanced stages, whereas low TIL scores were prevalent in early stages. The findings suggest that advanced tumors may harbor higher mutation burdens and immunogenicity. Future research should explore the molecular subtypes of immune profiles.

Specific genomic alterations may help stratify immunotherapy outcomes in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. The proposed genomic risk model remains exploratory and requires validation in larger, independent cervical cancer cohorts.

The signature independently predicted prognosis (AUC: 0.70-0.84) and treatment response: LR patients favored immunotherapy (lower TIDE, higher IPS), while HR patients were sensitive to chemotherapy (e.g., Bosutinib, Tozasertib). This transcriptome-derived m6A-associated prognostic model can effectively predict clinical survival outcomes and therapeutic response in LUAD patients. Combined with immune landscape, genomic mutation profiles and single-cell transcriptomic evidence, this signature provides a reliable basis for personalized risk stratification and rational treatment choice.

P1/2, N=121, Active, not recruiting, Precision Biologics, Inc | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2029 --> Nov 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2028 --> Jun 2026

We demonstrate that TMB is dynamic and rises over time and with select treatment exposures. These findings reinforce how TMB should be interpreted within the broader context and not necessarily viewed as a standalone threshold for initiating immunotherapy in advanced prostate cancer.

We propose that future progress will likely depend on mechanism-based, biomarker-driven approaches that match specific immune evasion patterns with rationally designed interventions, with the goal of extending immunotherapy benefits to broader CRC populations. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature from PubMed and clinical trial registries (2015-2025), prioritizing Phase II/III trials and mechanistic studies.

Our findings exposit that the higher 2-GMGs expression and the worse progression and prognosis of HCC. The SHAP approach was employed to elucidate the 2-GMGs model, enhancing its utility for clinicians.

ERO1A expression stratifies lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) into distinct subsets with divergent therapeutic implications. It represents a promising biomarker for prognostic stratification and immunotherapy selection, supporting its potential clinical utility in guiding peri-operative therapy decisions.

Notably, CSF2, IL1R2, and IL20RB were identified as pivotal model constituents, displaying cell type-specific and spatially discrete expression trajectories. The proposed IIS constitutes a robust, clinically relevant prognostic biomarker for HNSC, capturing the profound immune and genomic heterogeneity inherent in the disease.

Taken together, these findings suggest that OSR2 is associated with prognosis and immune-related features across multiple cancer types. OSR2 may be linked to features of the tumor immune microenvironment through its relationships with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression, and genomic instability, and thus may serve as a candidate biomarker for further investigation in cancer immunotherapy.

Together, our results show that controlled epigenetic activation of STING in STS enhances immune infiltration and tumor cell killing. Targeting STING through CRISPR activation may therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy for STS.

Immunotherapy has transformed oral squamous cell carcinoma management, with programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab showing survival benefits in trials, particularly in programmed cell death protein-L1-positive cases. Future priorities include biomarker validation via prospective registries, scalable Good Manufacturing Practice nanoplatforms, AI-driven multi-omic modeling, and federated learning for predictive analytics. By integrating tumour genomics, immune profiling, and advanced delivery, precision immuno-oncology holds promise to improve response rates, durability, and quality of life in oral squamous cell carcinoma.