The tumor burden was small without metastasis. This case highlights that ICI hepatitis can progress with minimal aminotransferase elevation in advanced cirrhosis, warranting multidimensional monitoring beyond aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase, including bilirubin, coagulation parameters, clinical decompensation, and quantitative imaging.
This dissociation between PFS and OS may reflect differences in disease biology, treatment sequencing, and post-progression management rather than intrinsic superiority of either regimen. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment selection and careful consideration of tumor characteristics and hepatic reserve when choosing first-line immunotherapy for uHCC.
D (30 mg/kg) + T (1 mg/kg) had limited antitumor activity in this pediatric population; however, the safety profile was manageable and consistent with the known safety profile in adult patients, with no new safety concerns identified. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03837899; EudraCT, identifier 2018-003118-42.
Neoadjuvant ddMVAC plus durvalumab demonstrated encouraging pCR rates, favorable early survival outcomes, and manageable safety profile. Adding tremelimumab provides similar pCR but worse toxicity. These results support further study of ddMVAC plus durvalumab as a neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy strategy for localized MIBC, to be evaluated in comparative trials within an evolving perioperative treatment landscape.
Given the advanced stage of disease, systemic immunotherapy with tremelimumab and durvalumab was initiated. This case underscores the critical role of a multimodal diagnostic approach in atypical presentations of HCC to enable accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic decision-making.