vincristine

Despite palliative chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and vincristine), the patient experienced rapid tumor recurrence and progressive clinical deterioration, culminating in death three weeks post-intervention. In resource-limited settings, where advanced molecular diagnostics are scarce, maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and ensuring multidisciplinary management are paramount. Early histopathological confirmation is critical to addressing the rapid progression and therapeutic resistance characteristic of this malignancy.

P2, N=90, Not yet recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network

P3, N=379, Completed, Children's Oncology Group | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jun 2028 --> Mar 2026

Interestingly, aCD7P-VCR treatment substantially reduced leukemia progression and invasion in the orthotopic CCRF-CEM T-ALL model without toxic effects, leading to significantly longer survival than clinically used VCR and nontargeted P-VCR. aCD7P-VCR is expected to provide an effective and targeted therapeutic approach for T-ALL.

P2/3, N=960, Not yet recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

She was managed according to the Chinese Children Cancer Group (CCCG)-WT-2019 protocol, receiving neoadjuvant VAD (vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin) chemotherapy, followed by staged bilateral nephron-sparing surgery. This highlights the limitations of current histology- and stage-based approaches for specific molecular subtypes. Current evidence supports more aggressive surgical intervention for high-risk cases, but it is essential to balance the need for renal function preservation with the goal of achieving oncological control.

Second, a network meta-analysis ranked the efficacy and safety of regimens including rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP); dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin plus rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R); R-CHOP plus lenalidomide (R2-CHOP); R-CHOP plus ibrutinib (I+R-CHOP); R-CHOP plus zanubrutinib (Z+R-CHOP); and R-CHOP plus venetoclax (Ven-R-CHOP). DEL is a distinct high-risk subtype with quantifiable prognostic detriment. Z+R-CHOP emerges as a promising strategy requiring validation in prospective studies.

The boy had surgery to remove the affected tonsil and lymph nodes, followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Given the tumor's high growth rate and risk of spreading early, treatment needed a team approach that involved complete local removal and immediate systemic therapy. Long-term follow-up is important, and more case reports and studies are necessary to determine the best treatment options and improve results in pediatric histiocytic sarcoma.

P1/2, N=67, Completed, Fondazione Gimema Franco Mandelli Onlus | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=20, Recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Apr 2026 --> Dec 2025

P2, N=188, Completed, Children's Oncology Group | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2030 --> Mar 2026

P2, N=25, Recruiting, University of Chicago | Suspended --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028